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排序方式: 共有5219条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Melinda G Arnett Lisa M Muglia Gloria Laryea Louis J Muglia 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2016,41(1):245-260
The normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and resultant glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, is essential for human health. Disruption of GC regulation is associated with pathologic, psychological, and physiological disease states such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypertension, diabetes, and osteopenia, among others. As such, understanding the mechanisms by which HPA output is tightly regulated in its responses to environmental stressors and circadian cues has been an active area of investigation for decades. Over the last 20 years, however, advances in gene targeting and genome modification in rodent models have allowed the detailed dissection of roles for key molecular mediators and brain regions responsible for this control in vivo to emerge. Here, we summarize work done to elucidate the function of critical neuropeptide systems, GC-signaling targets, and inflammation-associated pathways in HPA axis regulation and behavior, and highlight areas for future investigation. 相似文献
2.
3.
W. Nörenberg Ernst Schöffel Bela Szabo Klaus Starke 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1997,356(2):159-165
The aim of the study was to subclassify the soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat by means of antagonists. To this end, the frequency of spontaneous action
potentials was recorded extracellularly from single LC neurones in brain slices. The neurones fired spontaneously at an average
rate of 1 Hz. The selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-quinoxaline (UK 14,304) and noradrenaline decreased the action potential
discharge with IC50 values of 5 and 510 nM, respectively. The concentration-inhibition curves of UK 14,304 and noradrenaline were shifted to the
right by phentolamine (0.15 μM) and rauwolscine (0.15 μM) but not by prazosin (1 μM). Apparent K
d values of phentolamine were 17 nM (against UK 14,304) and 20 nM (against noradrenaline). Apparent K
d values of rauwolscine were 47 nM (against UK 14,304) and 70 nM (against noradrenaline). (+)-Oxaprotiline (1 μM) suppressed
the firing of the neurones within 10 to 33 min. In the continued presence of oxaprotiline, phentolamine and rauwolscine restored
firing with EC50 values of 120 and 250 nM, respectively. Prazosin (1 μM) again was ineffective. All three antagonist affinity estimates –
against UK 14,304, exogenous noradrenaline and endogenous noradrenaline (that accumulates in the extracellular space in the
presence of oxaprotiline) – yield an affinity order phentolamine > rauwolscine >> prazosin, prazosin being ineffective even
at a concentration of 1 μM. These findings identify the soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors of the LC as the rat variant of the α2A/D-adrenoceptor, i.e. α2D. Not only presynaptic but also soma-dendritic α2-autoreceptors may at least predominantly be α2A/D throughout the nervous system.
Received: 3 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 April 1997 相似文献
4.
Anthony BOERS Qiang LI Melinda WONG Marian MILLER Geoff LITTLEJOHN 《International journal of rheumatic diseases》2006,9(1):43-48
Aim: We performed a semiprospective and retrospective review of all admissions to a single institution of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, admitted due to active disease. The aim was to describe differences in disease activity as a cause of hospital admissions between patients originating from South‐East Asia/China (SAC) and Caucasians. Method: There were 210 patients admitted for active disease, with a total of 567 admissions for active SLE over a 16‐year period. Allowing for patients who had left our database, there was a total of 3415 patient years of observation. Results: Patients from SAC with a flare requiring admission presented earlier in their disease course and with more active disease than did Caucasians (median SLE Disease Activity Index 13 vs. 8, P= 0.002). They had longer inpatient stays (7 vs. 5 days P = 0.03). There was a trend to higher rates of re‐presentation to hospital for flare (59% in SAC patients vs. 41% in Caucasians, P = 0.09) with more subsequent admissions (3 vs. 2 P = 0.06) despite a shorter period of observation. Conclusions: South‐East Asian/Chinese were more likely to be diagnosed with class III/IV glomerulonephritis and require cyclophosphamide both at presentation and subsequent admissions. More patients from SAC were readmitted to hospital for severe central nervous system disease after their first hospital admission. In this population, lupus patients had more severe flares and more frequently required admission for these than Caucasians. 相似文献
5.
Belinda Joy Deal Rebecca A Fountain Carol Ann Russell-Broaddus Melinda Stanley-Hermanns 《Disaster Management & Response》2006,4(4):100-105
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita forced many individuals along the coast of Texas and Louisiana to seek shelter inland. Among the evacuees were residents with special needs and residents of nursing homes and group homes caring for mentally retarded and physically disabled persons. Many nurses volunteered to provide health care for those in need. This article discusses challenges and opportunities that were encountered by nurses volunteering in special-needs shelters. Issues related to human and physical resources, patient care, and confidentiality are discussed including lessons learned. As nurses who cared for evacuees in the shelter, it is hoped some of the lessons learned can be utilized in future disasters. 相似文献
6.
Melinda S. Lantz 《Current Psychosis and Therapeutics Reports》2004,2(1):7-12
Depressive symptoms in older adults are common, but the minority of elderly meet criteria for major depressive disorder. This
has led to confusion regarding the recognition of diagnosis, approach to treatment, and monitoring of outcomes in this needy
population. Few depressed older adults are willing to seek treatment from psychiatrists or mental health specialists. Treatment
approaches to the depressive spectrum of disorders in late life, which encompasses major and minor depressive disorder, dysthymic
disorder, and mood disorders related to medical conditions, must include evidence-based algorithms that can be delivered in
a variety of health care settings. Several recent multisite trials have advanced the use of collaborative care models and
the systematic stepwise approach to the treatment of depression and anxiety states in older adults. This offers the ability
to provide effective treatment of depression for older adults, consistent with current guidelines, in primary care and specialized
health care settings. 相似文献
7.
Several unique methodological challenges exist concerning the choice of the most appropriate comparator or control group for clinical research in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This article reviews the four major types of control groups (active control, placebo or sham, no intervention control, and different protocols of the experimental intervention), noting the different questions they answer and the different contexts in which they may be used, and discusses how this framework may be applied to CAM research in an effort to avoid methodologically flawed study designs. The choice of comparator depends on complex factors such as the research question being asked, the most plausible competing rival hypotheses, and logistical considerations related to ethics, methodology and feasibility. For example, for sham to be an effective comparator it must capture the ‘nonspecific’ elements of the treatment without containing those that are ‘specific’ to the research question at hand. However, as demonstrated by the examples of acupuncture and energy medicine, designing such sham intervention is not always easy. Controlling for social interaction between practitioners and subjects, addressing issues around ethics, having good-quality measurement of treatment integrity and intensity, and selecting practitioners of sufficient competence when doing a sham process are other important parts of correct design choices. In the light of these complexities, clinicians and researchers alike need a better match between the research questions and the design employed in order for their research to be both scientifically valid and clinically meaningful. 相似文献
8.
Jay Jegathesan Jennifer A Liebenthal Melinda G Arnett Richard L Clancy Janet D Pierce 《Medsurg nursing》2004,13(6):371-375
Advances in science have increased the knowledge of how cells die in the body (apoptosis). A basic understanding of this process can improve nurses' ability to review new scientific literature and enable them to provide safer bedside care. 相似文献
9.
Seventy-six patients with severely comminuted distal radial fractures were treated at two institutions, of which the overwhelming majority were Frykman class VIII. Fifteen fractures were open. Thirty patients were seen at the University Hospital; 17 had pins and plaster and 13 had external fixation. Forty-six patients were seen at Kaiser Hospital; all had pins and plaster treatment. The complication rate for those with pins and plaster at the University Hospital was 53%; the complication for external fixation rate was 62%. The affiliated-hospital complication rate was 52%. All patients with ipsilateral forearm shaft and carpal fractures developed a nonunion of the carpal fracture. Few patients maintained anatomic reduction, and many had significant intra-articular malalignment. External fixation with threaded half pins did not obviate pin problems in our series. These methods may help manage severely comminuted distal radial fractures, but complications should be anticipated and alternative treatment considered, especially when ipsilateral carpal or forearm shaft fractures are present. 相似文献
10.
An 89-year-old woman developed an acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to hemarthrosis associated with pigmented villonodular synovitis of the wrist. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is rare in a patient of this age and is an unusual cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. 相似文献