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Background
Pulmonary dysfunction following cardiac surgery is believed to be caused, at least in part, by a lung vascular injury and/or atelectasis following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion and collapse of non-ventilated lungs. 相似文献3.
Carel Bron Michel Wensing Jo LM Franssen Rob AB Oostendorp 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2007,8(1):107
Background
Shoulder disorders are a common health problem in western societies. Several treatment protocols have been developed for the clinical management of persons with shoulder pain. However available evidence does not support any protocol as being superior over others. Systematic reviews provide some evidence that certain physical therapy interventions (i.e. supervised exercises and mobilisation) are effective in particular shoulder disorders (i.e. rotator cuff disorders, mixed shoulder disorders and adhesive capsulitis), but there is an ongoing need for high quality trials of physical therapy interventions. Usually, physical therapy consists of active exercises intended to strengthen the shoulder muscles as stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint or perform mobilisations to improve restricted mobility of the glenohumeral or adjacent joints (shoulder girdle). It is generally accepted that a-traumatic shoulder problems are the result of impingement of the subacromial structures, such as the bursa or rotator cuff tendons. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in shoulder muscles may also lead to a complex of symptoms that are often seen in patients diagnosed with subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tendinopathy. Little is known about the treatment of MTrPs in patients with shoulder disorders. 相似文献4.
5.
TP Amadeu† AB Seabra‡ MG de Oliveira‡ AMA Costa† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(5):629-637
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in wound repair and S-nitrosothiols like S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are well known NO donors. METHODS: Animals were separated in two groups and submitted to excisional wounds on the dorsal surface at the first day. GSNO (100 microm)-containing hydrogels were topically applied on the wound bed in the GSNO group, daily, during the first 4 days. Control group was topically treated with hydrogel without GSNO for the same period. Wound contraction and re-epithelialization were measured. Animals were sacrificed 21 days after wounding. Samples of lesion and normal tissue were formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded for histological analysis. RESULTS: Wound contraction, measured 14 and 21 days after wounding, was greater in the GSNO group than in the control group (P<0.05 for both). The re-epithelialized wound area, measured 14 days after wounding, was higher in the GSNO group than in the control group (P<0.05). A higher amount of inflammatory cells was observed in superficial and deep areas of the granulation tissue of the control group compared to the GSNO group. Twenty-one days after wounding, thin red-yellow collagen fibers arranged perpendicularly to the surface were found in the granulation tissue of the control group, whereas in the GSNO-treated group collagen fibers were thicker and arranged parallel to the surface. Increased number of mast cells was observed in the GSNO group compared with that in the control group. Vascularization and myofibroblast distribution were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Topical application of GSNO-containing hydrogel during the early phases of rat cutaneous wound repair accelerates wound closure and re-epithelialization and affects granulation tissue organization. 相似文献
6.
Mild hypothermia during halothane-induced anesthesia decreases resistance to Staphylococcus aureus dermal infection in guinea pigs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clark W. Sheffield MD ; Daniel I. Sessler MD ; Thomas K. Hunt MD ; Heinz Scheuenstuhl AB 《Wound repair and regeneration》1994,2(1):48-56
Because various immune functions are impaired at temperatures only 1 degrees to 3 degrees C less than normal, we tested the hypothesis that mild hypothermia during anesthesia impairs resistance to dermal infections. Guinea pigs were anesthetized for 6 hours with 1% inspired halothane. Their core temperatures were maintained at either 39 degrees C (normal for guinea pigs, n = 12) or 36 degrees C (n = 12). Two hours after induction of anesthesia, three doses each of Staphylococcus aureus (10(8), 10(7), and 10(6) organisms) were injected intradermally at nine sites on each animal's back. Core temperatures were not controlled after recovery from the anesthetic, and animals in each group were maintained in the same environment. Four days after anesthesia, each injection site was excised to obtain a count of viable bacteria. Subcutaneous oxygen partial pressure values, averaged over time, were 53 +/- 3 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) in the hypothermic group and 62 +/- 4 mm Hg in the normothermic group (p = 0.06). Capillary perfusion, as assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, was comparable in the two groups. One day after injection of 10(8) bacteria, the area of induration was 89 +/- 11 mm(2) in the hypothermic group but only 61 +/- 6 mm(2) in the normothermic group (p < 0.05). On postanesthetic day 4, the area of induration was 72 +/- 6 and 59 +/- 6 mm(2) in the hypothermic and normothermic groups, respectively (p > 0.05). After inoculation with 10(8) bacteria, the fraction recovered was 1.0 +/- 0.2 in the hypothermic groups and 0.6 +/- 0.2 in the normothermic group (p < 0.05). After inoculation with 10(7) and 10(6) bacteria, the fraction recovered was less than 0.2, and no difference was found between the hypothermic and normothermic animals. Thus mild hypothermia during halothane-induced anesthesia slightly impairs resistance to dermal infection. 相似文献
7.
Abdominal trauma: use of oral contrast material for CT is safe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
8.
Arthrograms of the temporomandibular joint were obtained in 20 symptomatic joints that had previous reconstructive arthroplasty with disk repositioning because of internal derangements. Preoperative arthrograms were available for comparison in 18 joints. Symptoms resulting in a postoperative arthrogram included pain, limited ability to open the mouth, and clicking of the joints. Postoperative arthrographic findings included limited anterior translation of the condyle (90%), irregularity in outline of the intraarticular contrast agent (60%), a conical configuration of the posterior recess (25%), decreased size of the joint (28%), anterior displacement of the meniscus (25%), and perforated meniscus (15%). Many of these findings may have resulted from fibrosis and scarring, which may be a response to intraarticular bleeding. The mechanism by which the fibrosis causes the postsurgical arthrographic features is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Enhancement of neonatal innate defense: effects of adding an N-terminal recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on growth and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activity of gram-negative bacteria tested in neonatal cord blood ex vivo
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Levy O Sisson RB Kenyon J Eichenwald E Macone AB Goldmann D 《Infection and immunity》2000,68(9):5120-5125
Innate defense against microbial infection requires the action of neutrophils, which have cytoplasmic granules replete with antibiotic proteins and peptides. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is found in the primary granules of adult neutrophils, has a high affinity for lipopolysaccharides (or "endotoxins"), and exerts selective cytotoxic, antiendotoxic, and opsonic activity against gram-negative bacteria. We have previously reported that neutrophils derived from newborn cord blood are deficient in BPI (O. Levy et al., Pediatrics 104:1327-1333, 1999). The relative deficiency in BPI of newborns raised the possibility that supplementing the levels of BPI in plasma might enhance newborn antibacterial defense. Here we determined the effects of addition of recombinant 21-kDa N-terminal BPI fragment (rBPI(21)) on the growth and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducing activity of representative gram-negative clinical isolates. Bacteria were tested in citrated newborn cord blood or adult peripheral blood. Bacterial viability was assessed by plating assay, and TNF-alpha release was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whereas adult blood limited the growth of all isolates except Klebsiella pneumoniae, cord blood also allowed logarithmic growth of Escherichia coli K1/r and Citrobacter koseri. Bacteria varied in their susceptibility to rBPI(21)'s bactericidal action: E. coli K1/r was relatively susceptible (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], approximately 10 nM), C. koseri was intermediate (IC(50), approximately 1,000 nM), Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant (IC(50), approximately 10,000 nM), and Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens were highly resistant (IC(50), >10,000 nM). All isolates were potent inducers of TNF-alpha activity in both adult and newborn cord blood. In contrast to its variable antibacterial activity, rBPI(21) consistently inhibited the TNF-inducing activity of all strains tested (IC(50), 1 to 1,000 nM). The antibacterial effects of rBPI(21) were additive with those of a combination of conventional antibiotics typically used to treat bacteremic newborns (ampicillin and gentamicin). Whereas ampicillin and gentamicin demonstrated little inhibition of bacterially induced TNF release, addition of rBPI(21) either alone or together with ampicillin and gentamicin profoundly inhibited release of this cytokine. Thus, supplementing newborn cord blood with rBPI(21) potently inhibited the TNF-inducing activity of a variety of gram-negative bacterial clinical pathogens and, in some cases, enhanced bactericidal activity. These results suggest that administration of rBPI(21) may be of clinical benefit to neonates suffering from gram-negative bacterial infection and/or endotoxemia. 相似文献
10.