Further study on the vascular basis for the reimplantation of the hand amputated through the palm

Summary Based on the anatomic data obtained from earlier studies on the vascular anatomy of the hand, the vascular architecture in the palm of the hand was studied on 60 sides of unembalmed adult upper extremities. Each palm was divided into 64 squares by 8 sagittal and 8 transverse sections. The vascular architecture in these squares and the arterial relations between them were observed and measured by angiography, operative microscopic dissection and computerised three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the pattern of the blood-vessels, the amputated palms can be classified into 4 types. The anatomic basis for the vascular anastomosis in each type is defined. There are three key-areas for the blood-supply of the palm and their significance is discussed. Apart from the 4 types of transversely amputated palms, the repair programe of the blood-vessles in 4 types of common obliquely amputated palms are also discussed.

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Etude complémentaire de l'anatomie vasculaire de la main pour la réimplantation des amputations transpalmaires

Résumé Sur la base de données anatomiques obtenues lors de précédents travaux sur l'anatomie vasculaire de la main, l'architecture vasculaire palmaire a été étudiée sur 60 extrémités supérieures de cadavres d'adultes, non embaumés. Chaque paume a été divisée en 64 carrés par 8 sections sagittales et 8 sections transversales. L'architecture vasculaire à l'intérieur des carrés et les relations artérielles entre eux ont été étudiées et mesurées par angiographie, dissection au microscope opérateur et reconstruction computérisée en 3D. Les paumes amputées ont été regroupées en 4 types d'après la distribution des vaisseaux sanguins. Les données anatomiques concernant les anastomoses vasculaires sont précisées. Il existe trois zones clés pour l'irrigation de la paume. Leur importance quant à l'irrigation de la main est exposée. Outre la division des paumes amputées transversalement en 4 types, le programme de réparation de vaisseaux dans les 4 types d'amputations obliques communes de la paume et aussi discuté.

     

Experimental myositis in rats. I. Histological and creatine phosphokinase changes and passive transfer to normal syngeneic rats

An allergic myositis was produced in an inbred strain of rats by giving repeated injections of heterologous muscle with complete Freund's adjuvant. Histological lesions developed after two or more injections. The activity in the serum of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was found to be elevated after two injections and reached maximum levels after three to six injections.

Transfer of lymphoid cells from spleen, lymph node or thoracic duct, after five immunizing injections resulted in the development of lesions in syngeneic recipients 5–10 days later. The lesions were milder than in the donors, but did result in elevation of the serum CPK activity in the recipients. It is concluded that measurement of the serum CPK activity is a convenient and objective reflection of the histological lesions produced in experimental allergic myositis.

     

Signet-ring cell lymphoma of bone marrow.

A case of signet-ring cell lymphoma affecting bone marrow is reported. The tumour presented as multiple lytic lesions in the lumbosacral spine. A bone biopsy specimen showed the typical appearances of signet-ring cell lymphoma, and the cells stained positively with antiserum to CD20, though neither immunoglobulin light or heavy chains could be shown within the vacuoles. The patient subsequently responded to chemotherapy.     

Germinal center formation in mice lacking αβ T cells

T cells are essential for inducing clonal B cell expansion in germinal centers during T cell-dependent antibody responses. However, class-switched antibodies are readily detectable in TCRα-deficient mice that congenitally lack αβ T cells, including those such as IgG1 that are considered to be dependent on collaboration between B cells and αβ T cells. This observation suggests that a novel form of B:T collaboration may be evident in TCRα^?/? mice. We report that germinal centers develop spontaneously in mice lacking T cell receptor α genes (TCRα^?/?), despite the absence of αβ T cells. They are not seen in TCRβ^?/? mice kept in similar conditions. Both strains of mice have γδ T cells, but it is a subset of T cells expressing TCRβ and CD4 that is dominant in the germinal centers of TCRα^?/? mice. Exceptionally, germinal centers were associated with CD4⁺ γδ T cells. The expression of CD4 seems to be important, for few extrafollicular T cells have CD4 and CD4 is largely absent from TCRβ^?/? T cells. The CD4⁺ TCRβ cells may help B cells produce autoantibodies that have been identified in TCRα^?/? mice.     

白蛋白微球作为肝靶向给药载体的研究

用均匀设计方法和计算机技术筛选了乳化化学交联法制备白蛋白微球的六个因素,十二个水平。优化出最佳制备工艺,制备了平均粒径0.41～0.47μm的白蛋白微球。将此工艺制备的¹²⁵I-白蛋白微球做动物体内研究,结果表明微球iv后主要浓集在肝脏,可达注入总剂量的68%,此微球在靶组织肝脏的变化规律可用二室模型契合。     

Soft tissue tumors of the urinary bladder, Part I: myofibroblastic proliferations, benign neoplasms, and tumors of uncertain malignant potential

Most bladder tumors arise from the urothelium. However, there are several uncommon but significant bladder lesions that must be differentiated from urothelial carcinomas. These include both benign and malignant spindle cell lesions. The first half of this 2-part review will describe benign myofibroblastic proliferations including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule; benign neoplasms including leiomyoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and schwannoma; and tumors of uncertain malignant potential including paraganglioma, granular cell tumor, and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. Common clinical presentations, morphological characteristics, and immunohistochemical features are described to aid the practicing pathologist in the identification of these entities. This review also describes current theories as to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule and details the current molecular markers identifying several of these lesions.