改进的小波域医学图像序列的运动估计

医学图像序列压缩是远程医疗系统中的重要技术，而运动估计在视频序列压缩中起着关键作用。我们提出了一种改进的正方形-菱形搜索算法来实现医学图像序列的运动估计。这种改进的正方形-菱形算法减少了搜索点数。我们将其应用于小波域的医学图像序列的运动估计，并对数字减影血管造影图像序列（DSA）进行实验。结果表明，改进后的小波域正方形-菱形算法较其他算法精度高。     

Maxi K+ channels co-localised with CFTR in the apical membrane of an exocrine gland acinus: possible involvement in secretion

The primary secretion formed in various exocrine glands has a [K+] 2-5 times that of plasma. In this study we measured the transepithelial flux of 36Cl-, 22Na+ and 42K+ across the frog skin and applied the single-channel patch-clamp technique to the apical membrane of frog skin gland acini to investigate the pathway taken by K+ secreted by the glands. Transepithelial K+ secretion was active and was driven by a larger force than the secretion of Na+. When driving Na+ through the epithelium by clamping the transepithelial potential to 100 mV (apical solution reference), blockers of cellular secretion (apical 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate or basolateral quinine or furosemide) decreased K+ secretion but left Na+ secretion unaffected. We conclude that K+ follows a transcellular pathway across the epithelium. Patch-clamp analysis of the apical membrane of microdissected gland acini revealed a population of voltage- and calcium-activated K+ channels of the maxi K+ type. In cell-attached patches these channels were activated by membrane potential depolarisation or exposure to prostaglandin E2 and had a permeability of 3.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(-13) cm3 s-1, giving a calculated conductance of 170 pS with 125 mM K+ on both sides of the membrane. In inside-out patches the channels were activated by increasing intracellular [Ca2+] from 10(-7) to 10(-6) M and were blocked by Ba2+ added to the cytoplasmic side. Exposure of inside-out patches containing the maxi K+ channel to ATP on the inside activated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels, confirming that both channels are co-localised to the apical membrane. We interpret these findings in terms of a model where transepithelial NaCl secretion can be supported in part by an apical K+ conductance.     

CT与超声检查对结肠癌致急性肠梗阻诊断价值的比较

目的探讨CT对结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析42例结肠癌致急性肠梗阻患者的CT和超声检查结果。结果在42例结肠癌致急性肠梗阻患者中,超声诊断结果为:29例有不同程度腹腔积液,其中16例腹部有包块,只有5例提示包块与肠道关系密切,未有明确结肠癌诊断病例。CT诊断结果为:均有肠梗阻征象,20例升结肠占位,5例结肠肝曲占位,4例横结肠占位,5例结肠脾曲占位,8例降结肠占位。结论CT对结肠癌致急性肠梗阻诊断较为敏感和准确。     

非诺贝特在高甘油三酯血症合并糖耐量异常患者中的应用

目的 探讨非诺贝特在老年高甘油三酯(TG)血症合并糖耐量异常(IGT)患者中的作用,并分析其成本与效益.方法 选取2019年7—12月本市东城街道2个社区的高TG血症合并IGT老年患者105例,随机分为对照组(n=53)和干预组(n=52).对照组采用生活方式干预,干预组在对照组基础上对TG≥2.2 mmol/L的患者加用非诺贝特口服,1个月后复查血脂评估疗效,直至TG<2.2 mmol/L,6个月后所有患者复查血脂和葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).结果 干预组患者TG、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01),OGTT结果恢复正常、发展为糖尿病(DM)占比分别为48.08％、3.85％,明显优于对照组的24.49％、20.41％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).干预组人均药费较对照组高(71.72±59.28)元.结论 老年高TG血症患者合并IGT在生活方式干预的基础上加用非诺贝特降脂,可逆转糖代谢的转归,具有良好的成本效益比.     

从肺主治节分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病中医致病机理

肺主治节是肺脏主要生理功能的高度概括,主要包含治节气、血、津液,故肺失治节,肺治节气、血、津液异常,可导致气机紊乱、痰瘀等病理因素的形成。文章简要复习了肺主治节的生理作用,重点阐述了肺主治节在病理状态下即肺失治节时气、津液、血等转换为COPD的病理因素且贯穿于COPD发生、发展全过程。慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种呼吸系统常见病,其中医致病机理主要围绕气、痰、瘀,三个病理因素相互胶结导致本病的发生、发展和加剧。从肺主治节来分析本病的中医致病机理,还有利于执简驭繁,发挥中医药"治未病"优势,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的防治会更加系统、有效。     

Lymphadenopathies in patients with renal cell carcinoma: clinical and pathological predictors of pathologically confirmed lymph node invasion

Introduction

In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), lymph node status at preoperative imaging is affected by a non-negligible false-positive rate. We aimed to investigate which factors are related to a concordance between clinical suspicion and pathological confirmation of lymph node invasion (LNI).

Methods

At a single tertiary care institution, 2954 RCC patients underwent either partial or radical nephrectomy. For the aim of the study, only clinically positive lymph node cases were included (cN1). Statistical analyses assessed the concordance between preoperative and pathological nodal status.

Results

Preoperative axial CT scans revealed 424 (14.4 %) patients showing at least one enlarged lymph node suspected for LNI (cN1). All lymphadenopathies were removed at surgery, and LNI was pathologically confirmed (pN1) in 122 patients (28.8 %). When focusing the analyses on clinical characteristics (variables known before surgery), metastases at diagnosis [OR 3.0 (95 %1.9–4.8), p < 0.001] and tumor size [OR 1.1 (95 % 1.1–1.2), p < 0.001] were the two most informative predictors of concordance between clinical and pathological nodal status. Concordance was also more likely in patients with papillary type II tumors (55.6 %) relative to papillary type I (38.1 %), clear cell (27.7 %) and chromophobe (8.3 %) tumors. At multivariable analyses, none of the considered blood markers resulted to be independently associated with LNI.

Conclusions

Roughly 70 % of patients showing a suspected lymph node preoperatively do not show LNI at the final pathological report. Among patients with clinically positive nodes, clinical tumor size and metastases at diagnosis represent the most informative and independent predictors of confirmed LNI at final pathology.

     

瓜蒌薤白半夏汤不同提取部位对心肌细胞保护作用比较研究

目的 比较瓜蒌薤白半夏汤（GXB）不同提取部位对缺血缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用,初步探寻该经典方剂干预胸痹、心痛的物质基础。方法 称取瓜蒌240 g、薤白90 g、半夏120 g,50%乙醇回流提取,分别用石油醚、氯仿、醋酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇、水5种不同极性溶剂萃取,得到相应提取部位,及药渣水煎液部位。培养大鼠原代心肌细胞,制备缺血缺氧模型,给予系列浓度（100、10、1、0.1、0.01 mg/mL）的GXB 6种提取部位及瓜蒌皮注射液（阳性对照,100、50、25、5、1 mg/mL）。MTT法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,生化试剂盒检测培养液中肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）活性。结果 与对照组比较,模型组细胞凋亡、坏死明显,细胞存活率显著降低,细胞培养液中CK、CK-MB的活性显著升高（P < 0.05）;质量浓度均为0.1 mg/mL的GXB水饱和正丁醇部位、水溶性部位及药渣水煎部位可以显著逆转缺血缺氧心肌细胞的生长状态、存活率以及培养液中CK、CK-MB活性（P < 0.05）;石油醚、氯仿及醋酸乙酯部位处理的细胞,与模型组无明显差异。结论 GXB的水饱和正丁醇、水溶性及药渣水煎部位对缺血缺氧损伤的心肌细胞具有显著的保护作用。     

脑卒中吞咽障碍患者嗓音功能及心理状态研究

目的 比较吞咽障碍与吞咽正常的脑卒中患者嗓音功能及心理状态,为制订针对性康复策略提供参考。 方法 便利选取337例脑卒中患者,通过洼田饮水试验和标准吞咽功能评估分为吞咽障碍组122例与吞咽正常组215例。采用嗓音障碍指数量表、GRBAS法、Praat声学软件进行主、客观嗓音功能评估,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表评估心理状态。 结果 与吞咽正常组比较,吞咽障碍组GRBAS法中的总嘶哑度、粗糙度、气息度、无力度评分及嗓音障碍指数量表评分、客观声学指标差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;吞咽障碍组与吞咽正常组焦虑、抑郁评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。 结论 脑卒中吞咽障碍患者嗓音功能受损及焦虑抑郁情绪显著高于吞咽正常患者,需开展吞咽-嗓音-心理联合康复。     

Quiescent satellite glial cells of the adult trigeminal ganglion

Sensory ganglia comprise functional units built up by neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). In animal species there was proven the presence of neuronoglial progenitor cells in adult samples. Such neural crest-derived progenitors were found in immunohistochemistry (IHC). These findings were not previously documented in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was thus aimed to assess in TEM if cells of the human adult trigeminal ganglion indeed have ultrastructural features to qualify for a progenitor, or quiescent phenotype. Trigeminal ganglia were obtained from fifteen adult donor cadavers. In TEM, cells with heterochromatic nuclei, a pancytoplasmic content of free ribosomes, few perinuclear mitochondria, poor developed endoplasmic reticulum, lack of Golgi complexes and membrane trafficking specializations, were found included in the neuronal envelopes built-up by SGCs. The ultrastructural pattern was strongly suggestive for these cells being quiescent progenitors. However, further experiments should correlate the morphologic and immune phenotypes of such cells.