多种血管新生指标在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及敏感性比较

目的　探讨血管新生指标CD34、CD31、vWF、Ⅳ型胶原纤维及层粘连蛋白在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的表达及意义 ,同时比较上述几种血管新生因子与增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)、病理指标及预后的相关性 ,以便筛选出有效的临床预后指标。方法　采用免疫组化方法 ,对 5 3例肝细胞肝癌的标本进行CD31、CD34、vWF、Ⅳ型胶原纤维及层粘连蛋白的染色、计数 ,并用检测数据与患者的临床资料进行统计分析。结果　统计染色的血管面积后发现 ,CD34与多种临床病理指标无相关性 ;CD31与肝内门静脉浸润相关 ;vWF与肿瘤的TNM分期及肝内门静脉浸润呈正相关 ;CollⅣ与肝内门静脉浸润呈正相关、与术后生存期呈负相关 ;Lam与肝硬化及术中出血量呈负相关、与术后生存期呈正相关。PCNA与肿瘤TNM分期有关。结论　在HCC中 ,CollⅣ、vWF、及CD31为肝细胞肝癌的有效血管新生及预后指标 ;Lam则与肝硬化及术中出血相关 ;PCNA指数肿瘤分期有关 ;CD34不能用作血管新生或预后指标     

The social behavior of autistic children with younger and same-age nonhandicapped peers

Results of a study observing autistic children's interactions with nonhandicapped and autistic peers are reported. Six 8- to 12-year-old autistic children played in dyads with younger, normally developing kindergarten children and with nonhandicapped peers matched on chronological age for 10 15-minute sessions spaced over 3 weeks and then with a playmate of the alternate age for another 10 sessions. After intervention, all subjects showed gains in proximity, orientation, and responsiveness when playing with nonhandicapped peers and with autistic classmates. Same-age nonhandicapped playmates initiated more frequently than did younger nonhandicapped playmates and were better able to modify their initiations in ways that increased the likelihood of response from the autistic children.     

Point mutation analysis of ras genes in spontaneous and chemically induced C57Bl/10J mouse liver tumours.

The high incidence and profile of ras gene mutations reported in spontaneous and chemically induced liver tumours of the B6C3F1 mouse provides a potential means of determining in vivo genotoxicity and its relevance to carcinogenicity. We analysed spontaneous and chemically induced [with 4-amino-biphenyl (ABP), 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)] hepatocellular tumours of the C57Bl/10J mouse for H-ras, K-ras and N-ras gene mutations to see if mutational analysis of the ras genes could be useful for such a determination in this strain. Regions of DNA spanning codons 12, 13 and 61 of the ras genes were amplified from formalin fixed liver tumour sections using the polymerase chain reaction. Mutations were detected using allele specific oligonucleotide probing and confirmed by sequencing. We have found that there are few ras mutations in either spontaneous or chemically induced liver tumours in the C57Bl/10J mouse. Out of 25 spontaneous tumours two contained an A to T transversion and one contained an A to G transition in base 2 of H-ras codon 61 and two contained a G to A transition in base 2 of K-ras codon 13 (the K-ras mutations were only faintly detectable and may be present in a subpopulation of the tumour cells). In the case of the 18 ABP induced tumours one contained a C to A transversion in base 1 of H-ras codon 61, and one contained an A to T transversion in base 2 of H-ras codon 61 and one contained a G to C transversion in base 1 of K-ras codon 13. One C to A transversion in base 1 of H-ras codon 61 was detected out of eight AAF induced tumours. Of the 25 DEN induced tumours, one contained an A to G transition and one contained an A to C transversion in base 2 of H-ras codon 61. The data indicate that at least in hepatocellular tumours of the C57Bl/10J strain and using chronic dosing regimes the ras genes do not represent markers for in vivo genotoxic activity.     

Changes in the phosphorylation status of a 19 kD cytosolic protein are linked to the growth arrest of HL-60 cells.

A major 19 kD cytosolic protein (p19) has been described in a number of cell systems with respect to its rapid phosphorylation when protein kinase C is activated and has been proposed as a key substrate of this enzyme. Phosphorylation of p19 occurs when the growth of cells is affected by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and it has been proposed that increased phosphorylation of p19 relates to the cessation of cell growth. This study delineates precisely the relationship between p19 phosphorylation changes in the growth and differentiation status of cells. Changes in the levels of two phosphorylated forms of p19 were assessed in HL-60 promyelocytic cells and a variant HL-60 cell line which stopped growing and differentiated in response to TPA and were compared to changes seen in HL-60 variant lines which merely growth arrested when treated with TPA. In lines which either did or did not differentiate, in response to TPA, the p19 protein was rapidly and transiently phosphorylated. Thus, this alteration in the phosphorylation status of p19 is associated with the process of growth arrest and not related to the onset of cell differentiation. The p19 protein and the enzymes which effect its phosphorylation status modulate the growth of cells and possible disregulation of p19 and/or its kinases and phosphatases is of interest as regards the leukaemic transformation of cells.     

THE PITUITARY-LEYDIG CELL AXIS IN MEN WITH SEVERE DAMAGE TO THE GERMINAL EPITHELIUM

Eighteen men (mean age 27, range 18-30 years) treated for Hodgkin's disease with 6-8 courses of MVPP (Mustine, Vinblastine, Procarbazine and Prednisolone) have had Leydig cell function assessed by their steroidogenic responses to stimulation by a single bolus dose of HCG (1000 units intramuscularly). Normal age-matched men (n = 16) acted as controls. Baseline immunoreactive FSH was markedly raised in the patients (mean 18.1 +/- SD 6.9 vs 2.0 +/- 1.5 IU/l, P less than 0.0001) reflecting damage to the germinal epithelium. Immunoreactive LH was also greater in patients (10.3 +/- 3.9 IU/l) than in controls (3.9 +/- 1.9 IU/l, P less than 0.0001). There were no differences between the baseline testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol, oestrone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The testosterone/SHBG ratios were similar in the two groups and there was no correlation between baseline LH and testosterone concentrations or testosterone/SHBG ratios. Testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol and oestrone secretion in response to HCG stimulation were similar at 24 h and 96 h in both groups. In order to explain the paradox of elevated immunoreactive LH in the face of normal testicular steroidogenesis in such patients, LH biological activity (B) as well as LH immunoreactivity (I) and FSH and testosterone were estimated in a second similar group of patients (n = 17, mean age 27, range 17-43 years) and in a further age-matched control group (n = 17). Bioactive and immunoreactive LH levels were significantly increased (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001, respectively) in the patient group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Membrane flow within the myelin sheath in IDPN neuropathy

This report describes some aspects of beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) neuropathy in rats as observed by ultrastructural methods and X-ray diffraction. Light microscopy shows gross swelling of the axons in proximal lumbar spinal roots 8 days after intraperitoneal injection of IDPN. Mean axon cross-sectional area and mean axon perimeter increased to 280% and 160% of their control values, respectively. At the same time, myelin membrane packing was not visibly disturbed. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns, recorded under physiological conditions, demonstrate that the myelin lipid bilayer thickness and widths of the aqueous spaces between bilayers did not change. Related observations are made on posterior tibial nerve (PNS myelin) and ventral spinal cord (CNS myelin). The various observations together are interpreted in terms of a fluid myelin membrane. It is proposed that the myelin membrane flows during axon swelling even though normal membrane-membrane contacts are maintained within the sheath. Membrane flow and slippage between membranes are explained in terms of a molecular model of the myelin multilayer.     

Closed suction wound drainage and lower-segment caesarean section

Summary. In a randomized controlled study of wound suction drainage after transverse suprapubic incision for lower-segment caesarean section no significant advantages could be demonstrated for routine drainage in terms of wound infection, haematoma formation, duration of hospital stay or analgesic requirements.