The quantity of rhodopsin in human eyes

The content of rhodopsin in the eyes of 15 donors (30 eyes) was determined. Both retinal and pigment epithelial fractions were collected from each globe, extracted using 1% CTAB, and the rhodopsin difference spectrum of each fraction was obtained separately. The total amount of rhodopsin, obtained by summing the amounts recovered from the retinal and PE fractions, ranged from 2.00 to 11.94 (median: 6.40) nmoles/eye. Previously reported mean values of about 3.5 to 4.0 nmoles per retina have been obtained using a variety of methods. The present higher values, perhaps largely dependent on procedural details described herein, appear plausible given the known concentrations of rhodopsin in rod outer segments, rod outer segment volumes, and number of rods in the human retina.     

CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE KNEE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PERSISTENT AMNIOTIC FLUID LEAKAGE

SUMMARY A case congenital dislocation of both knees and dislocation of the left hip in an infant whose mother had a chronic amniotic fluid leakage after mid-trimester amniocentesis.     

Occult cardiac tamponade detected by transesophageal echocardiography.

Transesophageal echocardiography is a safe, minimally invasive procedure that should be considered when the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade is a possibility and when conventional methods fail to provide conclusive diagnostic information. In this report, we describe a 74-year-old man in the intensive-care unit whose condition was unstable postoperatively because of an occult loculated pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Routine noninvasive and invasive monitoring, including hemodynamic monitoring and transthoracic echocardiography, failed to confirm definitively the suspected diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. In addition, because of the hemodynamic instability of the patient, transporting him for definitive tests (such as fast computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum, which could not be performed at the bedside) for assessment of cardiac tamponade was relatively contraindicated. In our patient, the diagnostic information obtained by transesophageal echocardiography may have been lifesaving.     

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on oxidative stress,inflammation, and symptoms in children with autism: an open-label pilot study

Background  

Recently, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has increased in popularity as a treatment for autism. Numerous studies document oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with autism; both of these conditions have demonstrated improvement with HBOT, along with enhancement of neurological function and cognitive performance. In this study, children with autism were treated with HBOT at atmospheric pressures and oxygen concentrations in current use for this condition. Changes in markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured. The children were evaluated to determine clinical effects and safety.     

高效液相色谱法测定右旋儿茶素血浆浓度及药代动力学参数

本文建立了体液中右旋儿茶素的RP-HPLC测定方法。采用C_(18)键合相硅胶为填料的固相提取柱进行样品预处理,右旋儿茶素的提取回收率为79.8%.应用二极管阵列检测器对色谱峰纯度进行鉴定。该法精密度好,方法回收率近100%,日内、日间的变异系数为2.4～5.6%,血浓69.6～1160 ng/ml范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9993。家兔静注右旋儿茶素18mg/kg,其药代动力学过程符合二室模型,分布相半衰期为0.129 h,消除相半衰期为1.19h。     

Allergic rhinitis: selective comparisons of the pharmaceutical options for management.

The depth and variety of pharmaceuticals available to manage the syndrome of allergic rhinitis is unparalleled. To arrive at a personal formulary, a physician would be well advised to understand what patients want and what they are willing to accept in terms of expense and adverse events. Patients want medications that are nonsteroidal, non habituating, produce no drowsiness, and could be used intermittently on demand only. This review is intended as an aid in comparing classes and formats of medications affecting nasal allergy.     

石杉碱甲类似物的研究II.N-甲基吡啶酮石杉碱甲类似物的合成

石杉碱甲(1)是从中草药石杉属植物千层塔(Lycopodium serratum Thunb.)中分得的一种高效可逆的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,临床试验证实它对早老性痴呆症有显著疗效。本文报道N-甲基吡啶酮石杉碱甲类似物2和3的合成。2-甲氧基-5-甲氧羰基-11-亚甲基-5,9-甲撑环辛-7-烯并吡啶(9)在乙腈中用三甲基氯硅烷和碘化钠选择性脱保护以定量的产率得吡啶酮10,再用甲醇钠和碘甲烷甲基化得N-甲基吡啶酮11,11经碱性水解,Curtius重排和氨基的脱保护得N-甲基吡啶酮石杉碱甲类似物2。通过类似的途径从中间体2-甲氧基-5-甲氧羰基-7-甲基-11-酮-5,9-甲撑环辛-7-烯并吡啶(14)合成了类似物3。类似物2和3的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性均低于天然石杉碱甲。