LHRH-A对孕中期大鼠抗妊娠作用的研究

本文观察了[D-Ala⁶,Pro⁹-Ethylamide¹⁰]-LHRH(LHRH-A)对孕中期大鼠的抗妊娠作用。结果显示:在孕9～11d sc 200μg/d LHRH-A,血浆孕酮水平自第二次给药后明显下降(P<0.05),给药大鼠均流产终止妊娠;LHRH-A的抗妊娠作用可被醋酸甲地孕酮所拮抗;LHRH-A对体外培养的假孕大鼠和孕d 9大鼠黄体细胞分泌孕酮有明显的直接抑制作用。     

GGA1 acts as a spatial switch altering amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-site of APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase to release the Abeta peptides that accumulate in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GGA1, a member of the Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing ARF-binding (GGA) protein family, interacts with BACE and influences its subcellular distribution. We now report that overexpression of GGA1 in cells increased the APP C-terminal fragment resulting from beta-cleavage but surprisingly reduced Abeta. GGA1 confined APP to the Golgi, in which fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggest that the proteins come into close proximity. GGA1 blunted only APP but not notch intracellular domain release. These results suggest that GGA1 prevented APP beta-cleavage products from becoming substrates for gamma-secretase. Direct binding of GGA1 to BACE was not required for these effects, but the integrity of the GAT (GGA1 and TOM) domain of GGA1 was. GGA1 may act as a specific spatial switch influencing APP trafficking and processing, so that APP-GGA1 interactions may have pathophysiological relevance in AD.     

Evaluation and audit in a paediatric disability service

Parental and professional responses to questionnaires evaluating a paediatric disability service are reported and the viability of auditing structural, process, and outcome aspects of clinical practice are discussed. Expectations of waiting time to first appointment (met for only 52% of consumers) illustrate structural issues. Process issues are reflected in consumer reactions to outreach work (for example, 94% of parents and 84% of professionals found this supportive). Outcome measures such as consumer satisfaction with the service (76% of consumers reported being 'very satisfied' and 20% 'fairly satisfied') suggest that service aims are being met. Good concurrence of service aims with consumer needs is indicated by parental reasons for referral (for example, 75% for diagnostic help, 73% for a better understanding of the disorder, 88% for practical help), referrers' reasons (for example, 55% for a second diagnostic opinion, 45% due to lack of local expertise), and reports from most other professionals involved with the case that a similar service was not provided locally.     

PCR-Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples from Patients With Culture-Negative Meningitis

A PCR-based assay was developed to amplify a conserved region of the pneumococcal autolysin gene. The amplified product was labelled with digoxigenin-labelled dUTP and was detected with a biotin-labelled probe in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The assay was initially tested with suspensions of various serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and was then applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with meningitis and those with other neurological disorders. The assay detected all the serotypes of S. pneumoniae tested, whereas all the other bacterial strains tested were negative. Seven of the 8 CSF specimens positive for pneumococcus by culture or latex agglutination (LA) were positive by PCR-EIA, whereas all 10 specimens positive for other organisms were negative. Among 11 patients with clinically diagnosed meningitis but with negative culture and LA results, 5 were positive by PCR-EIA. The assay was negative for all but one patient without meningitis; it was positive with the CSF from a child with immunodeficiency and pneumococcal abscesses on the scalp. PCR-EIA is a useful tool for the diagnosis of meningitis, especially when culture and LA are negative because of prior antibiotic treatment.     

总粉尘浓度转换为呼吸性粉尘浓度的两种方法学研究

目的探讨流行病学研究中历史性总粉尘浓度转换成呼吸性粉尘浓度的理论方法。方法采用两种方法：一种通过体积直接计算;另一种用ＨａｔｃｈＣｈｏａｔｅ方程计算,推导出计数百分比和计量百分比的转换关系。结果得到总粉尘浓度与呼吸性粉尘浓度的理论转换系数,其中,用ＨａｔｃｈＣｈｏａｔｅ方程计算结果偏低。结论体积直接计算法更适用。     

Hypertension secondary to progressive vascular neurofibromatosis

A 4 year old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was referred for hypertension. An aortogram showed narrowing of the left main renal artery. An angiogram three and a half years later showed coarctation of the abdominal aorta. She underwent aortoplasty but the stenosis recurred. Vascular involvement in NF1 may be progressive and requires long term follow up.     

Behaviour and physiological responses during prone and supine sleep in early infancy

AIMS: To study the effect of prone and supine sleep on infant behaviour, peripheral skin temperature, and cardiorespiratory parameters to aid understanding of why prone sleeping is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. METHODS: Of 33 enrolled infants, 32 were studied at 2.5 and 28 at 5 months of age. A computer aided multichannel system was used for polysomnographic recordings. Behaviour was charted separately. RESULTS: Prone REM (active) sleep was associated with lower frequencies of short arousals, body movements and sighs, and a shorter duration of apnoeas than supine REM sleep at both ages. At 2.5 months there were less frequent episodes of periodic breathing during prone sleep in non-REM (quiet) and REM sleep. Heart rate and peripheral skin temperature were higher in the prone position during both sleep states at both ages. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of decreased variation in behaviour and respiratory pattern, increased heart rate, and increased peripheral skin temperature during prone compared with supine sleep may indicate that young infants are less able to maintain adequate respiratory and metabolic homoeostasis during prone sleep.     

Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum

Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region are relatively uncommon, arising rarely in the naval septum. The reported cases of nasal septal chondrosarcomas are extensive lesions with involvement of paranasal sinuses, orbit or skull base at the lime of diagnosis. Those limited to the nasal cavity is extremely rare and to date there has been one case report in English language literature. We present a case of chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum with involvement of the nasal cavity alone and no evidence of bony erosion. Initial multiple biopsies showed mature chondromatous areas with no atypia. The patient had wide excision of the tumour. The final biopsy of the excised specimen revealed foci of well-differentiated chondrosarcoma. Wide surgical excision with adequate margins should be considered as the treatment of choice in lesion of nasal septum even if initial biopsies are negative for malignancy. Hence this case report.