全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1046篇 |
免费 | 59篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 11篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 131篇 |
口腔科学 | 37篇 |
临床医学 | 70篇 |
内科学 | 414篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 58篇 |
特种医学 | 22篇 |
外科学 | 107篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 20篇 |
眼科学 | 13篇 |
药学 | 49篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 133篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 56篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 43篇 |
2007年 | 66篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 63篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 67篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1110条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Hironobu Ishiyama Makoto Sato Kuniko Matsumura Miwa Sento Keiki Ogino Tatsuya Hobara 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》1995,77(4):293-298
Abstract: Intravenous injection of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index and the grade of pyronin positivity (RNA level) in rat liver. In CCl4-exposed rats, pretreatment with GdCl3 also showed a preventive effect of the liver injury both biochemically and histologically. Moreover, the proliferative action preceded the attenuative effect of the liver injury. Results suggest that GdCl3 induces hepatocyte proliferation, and this action of GdCl3 may modify the development of CCl4-induced liver injury. 相似文献
3.
Mana Ichimura Koichi Hiratsuka Naomi Ogura Tadahiko Utsunomiya Hiroyuki Sakamaki Toshirou Kondoh Yoshimitsu Abiko Shigeo Otake Masafumi Yamamoto 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2006,35(3):167-174
BACKGROUND: To understand the immunopathological features of oral lichen planus (OLP), we analyzed the expression of chemokines in the epithelial cell layers. Methods: Epithelia from OLP or healthy gingiva were collected by laser microdissection. The chemokine and chemokine receptor expressions in the epithelia were analyzed by DNA microarray. RESULTS: High levels of MIP-3alpha/LARC/CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 were expressed in the lesional epithelia. Furthermore, DC-CK1/CCL18, ELC/CCL19, SDF-1/CXCL12 and CXCR4 expressions were also increased. Immunohistologial analysis showed that high numbers of Langerhans cells (LCs) were present in the epithelia of OLP. Lesional epithelia also expressed high levels of the ligands specific for CXCR3 (e.g. MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11) and CCR5 (e.g. RANTES/CCL5). CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration of LCs is orchestrated by CCR6. Further, LCs residing in the lesional epithelia may be a mature phenotype. Moreover, infiltration of T cells in OLP could be mediated by signaling pathways through CXCR3 and CCR5. 相似文献
4.
Yoshinori Itoh Yutaka Kohgo Naoki Watanabe Yuji Kanisawa Sumio Sakamaki Minoru Takahashi Yasuo Hirayama Hiroyuki Ono Takeshi Himeno Yoshiro Niitsu 《Cancer science》1991,82(11):1203-1206
Human tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from pleural or ascitic fluid were incubated with recombinant interleukin 2 and transfected with human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a gene by the lipofection procedure. The resulting TILs secreted significant amounts of TNF in the culture supernatant and exhibited cytotoxicity against established cell lines, such as K562 and Daudi, and autologous tumor cells. The TNF gene–transfected TILs exhibited an augmented killing of autologous tumor cells. 相似文献
5.
6.
Hiroaki Hoshi Seishi Jinnouchi Kuniko Harada Katsushi Watanabe 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1988,14(4):177-179
Gallium scintigraphy was evaluated in 25 patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Anterior and posterior images were obtained at 72 h after administration of 3 mCi 67Ga-citrate using a gamma camera (Maxi-Camera 400T, General Electric Co.) with a medium energy standard parallel hole collimator. Abnormally high accumulations were observed in 17 out of 25 cases (superficial lymph node, 8; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 7; paraaortic lymph node, 2; lung, 9; liver, 1; bone, 1). There were 10 malignant lesions detected by 67Ga scintigraphy in 9 out of 17 cases (superficial lymph node, 1; hilar and mediastinal lymph node, 6; paraaortic lymph node, 1; liver, 1; bone, 1). White blood cell count and serum LDH levels were raised in patients with abnormally high accumulations of 67Ga. In conclusion, 67Ga scintigraphy seemed to be a useful examination to detect malignant lesions in patients with ATLL. 相似文献
7.
T. Mizutani S. Sakamaki N. Tsuchiya S. Kamei H. Kohzu R. Horiuchi M. Ida R. Shiozawa T. Takasu 《Acta neuropathologica》1992,84(4):372-377
Summary We describe two patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), who had developed progressive external ophthalmoplegia of a predominantly supranuclear type while they survived on respirators, and displayed histopathological abnormalities both typical and atypical of ALS. Patient 1 was a 43-year-old man with ALS of 5-year duration, who had initially exhibited fulminant ALS, and remained on a respirator for 4 years. Patient 2 was a 51-year-old man with ALS of 13-year duration, who remained on a respirator for 8 years. Both patients died in a totally locked-in state. Autopsy of both patients revealed not only histopathological abnormalities consistent with ALS, but also multisystem degeneration which involved the pontine tegmentum, substantia nigra, Clarke's dorsal nuclei and spinocerebellar tracts. In addition, Patient 2 displayed intracyto-plasmic neuronal basophilic inclusion bodies which exhibited marked immunoreactivity to anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Our case reports indicate that the longer survival which is possible through the use of respirators may make one subgroup of ALS patients prone to develop atypical clinical and neuropathological features which are not observed during the natural cours of ALS.Supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Research Committee of CNS Degenerative Diseases, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, and by a Grant from Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 相似文献
8.
Kouroku Y Fujita E Jimbo A Kikuchi T Yamagata T Momoi MY Kominami E Kuida K Sakamaki K Yonehara S Momoi T 《Human molecular genetics》2002,11(13):1505-1515
Accumulation of unfolded and malfolded proteins causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, stimulating unfolded protein response (UPR) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and activating caspase-12 located on the ER. Little is known about the relationship between the ER stress and polyglutamine [poly(Q)] aggregates. Poly(Q)72 repeats [poly(Q)(72)] induced the stimulation of ER stress signals such as JNK activation, upregulation of Grp78/Bip and caspase-12 activation in C2C5 cells. We prepared antiserum against the cleavage site of mouse caspase-12 at D(318) (anti-m12D318), and showed that poly(Q)(72) with perinuclear aggregates, cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear inclusions stimulated JNK activation and anti-m12D318 immunoreactivity, but poly(Q)(72) with dispersed aggregates and small nuclear aggregates showed a significantly less effect. Poly(Q)(72) and poly(Q)(11) dispersed in cytoplasm did not. Anti-m12D318-positive cells showed apoptotic features. Unlike anti-m8D387 immunoreactivity, the anti-m12D318 immunoreactivity was not coaggregated with poly(Q). Ac-IETD-fmk (caspase-8 inhibitor) and Ac-DEVD-CHO (caspase-3 inhibitor) did not prevent the anti-m12D318 immunoreactivity induced by poly(Q)(72) aggregates. Anti-m12D318 immunoreactivity was detected in caspase-8(-/-) and caspase-3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing poly(Q)(72) aggregates. Thus, caspase-12 was activated by poly(Q)(72) aggregates via a pathway independent of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, and caspase-12 activation was closely associated with poly(Q) aggregate-mediated cell death. Stimulation of ER stress signals may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders with poly(Q) expansion. 相似文献
9.
Interferon-{beta} inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing transforming growth factor-{beta} and thrombospondin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Azuma A Li YJ Abe S Usuki J Matsuda K Henmi S Miyauchi Y Ueda K Izawa A Sone S Hashimoto S Kudoh S 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2005,32(2):93-98
Pulmonary fibrosis is the result of abnormal processes of repair that occur after lung injury. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a key molecule in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Although clinical use of interferon (IFN)-beta did not improve survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, because some preclinical studies have suggested that IFN-beta is a potent inhibitor of fibrogenesis, beneficial effects of IFN-beta have been expected. We therefore attempted to determine effects of IFN-beta and investigated the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin at Day 0 and IFN-beta for 4 wk were administered intravenously to ICR mice. At 28 d after bleomycin injection, histologic and chemical analysis was performed for evaluation of effects of IFN-beta. Tissue distribution and amounts of TGF-beta1 and thrombospondin (TSP)-1/2 were analyzed. IFN-beta attenuated prolylhydroxylase activity, resulting in inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin-induced increase in TGF-beta1 in epithelial cells and extracellular matrix was attenuated by IFN-beta. TSP-1/2 was limited in platelets of control mice, but was present in foamy cells in fibrotic regions induced by bleomycin. These findings suggest that the antifibrotic effect of IFN-beta is inhibition of TGF-beta and its activation via decrease in TSP-1/2 in lung tissue and change in location of TSP-1/2 from platelets to foamy cells. 相似文献
10.
Tateishi T Nakamura M Ueda M Himeno S Yamashita T Yamauchi T Nishi K Mori K Asonuma K Inomata Y Ando Y 《Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology》2005,53(9):825-831
Recently nutrition support team (NST) has been established for the purpose of prevention of complications which are caused by nutrition disorders and reduction of the medical expenses. Although physical examinations and blood biochemical data had been used as the indexes evaluating nutritional of patients, they were not suitable for the evaluation for the short-term in-patient. On the contrary, serum albumin (ALB) has been wildly used as a nutritional marker. However, it is impossible to evaluate nutrition state for the short-term in-patient and acute phase disease patient accurately, because the plasma half-life is 21 days and it takes long time to detect the change in nutritional state by its value. Rapid turnover proteins (RTP), whose plasma half-life is shorter, has paid attention to evaluate nutritional state for the short-term in-patients and acute phase disease patients. Although, prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) was considered as a useful maker for evaluating inflammatory and nutritional states using the concentrations of transthyretin (TTR), a RTP, alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AG), a chronic inflammation marker, C reactive protein (CRP), a acute inflammation marker, and ALB, However, it has several pitfalls. We newly made serum amyloid A (SAA) index using SAA instead of CRP. When we compared SAA index with PINI in many diseases, it turned out that SAA index became a more effective index which reflected the patient condition than did PINI. As for this index, it is expected to be used by NST while further alternation may be needed. 相似文献