全文获取类型
收费全文 | 840篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 29篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 32篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 59篇 |
口腔科学 | 21篇 |
临床医学 | 61篇 |
内科学 | 186篇 |
皮肤病学 | 22篇 |
神经病学 | 31篇 |
特种医学 | 64篇 |
外科学 | 144篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
预防医学 | 78篇 |
眼科学 | 65篇 |
药学 | 54篇 |
肿瘤学 | 31篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 56篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有916条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Guerard W. Byrne Johannes M. Schirmer David N. Fass Sumeet S. Teotia Walter K. Kremers Hui Xu Bashoo Naziruddin Henry D. Tazelaar John S. Logan Christopher G. A. McGregor 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(5):1011-1020
Microvascular thrombosis is a prominent feature in cardiac delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). We investigated the impact of warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) anti-coagulation on xenograft function using a heterotopic pig-to-primate model. Donor hearts were from CD46 transgenic pigs and baboon immunosuppression included tacrolimus, sirolimus, anti-CD20 and TPC, an alpha-galactosyl-polyethylene glycol conjugate. Three groups of animals were studied. Group 1 (n = 9) was treated with warfarin, Group 2 (n = 13) with LMWH and Group 3, received no anti-coagulant drugs. The median duration of xenograft function was 20 days (range 3-62 days), 18 days (range 5-109 days) and 15 days (range 4-53 days) in Groups 1 to 3 respectively. Anti-coagulation achieved the targeted international normalized prothrombin ratio (INR) and anti-factor Xa levels consistent with effective in vivo therapy yet, no significant impact on median xenograft function was observed. At rejection, a similar histology of thrombosis and ischemia was apparent in each group and the levels of fibrin deposition and platelet thrombi in rejected tissue was the same. Anti-coagulation with warfarin or LMWH did not have a significant impact on the onset of DXR and microvascular thrombosis. However, a role for specific anti-coagulant strategies to achieve long-term xenograft function cannot be excluded. 相似文献
4.
Scott L. Nyberg Arthur J. Matas Walter K. Kremers Jeffrey D. Thostenson Timothy S. Larson Mikel Prieto Michael B. Ishitani Sylvester Sterioff Mark D. Stegall 《American journal of transplantation》2003,3(6):715-721
We previously proposed a quantitative approach to assess donor organs for cadaver renal transplantation. To improve on our original scoring system, we studied 34 324 patients who received cadaver renal transplants from adult donors between 1994 and 1999 and were reported to the UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry. A scoring system was developed from five donor variables (age, 0-25 points; history of hypertension, 0-4; creatinine clearance before procurement, 0-4; cause of death, 0-3; HLA mismatch, 0-3) that showed a significant correlation with renal function and long-term graft survival. Cadaver kidneys were stratified by cumulative donor score: grade A, 0-9 points; grade B, 10-19; grade C, 20-29; and grade D, 30-39. The influence of donor score on renal function and graft survival was most severe above 20 points, designated 'marginal' kidneys. In summary, a donor scoring system developed from a large population database was useful in predicting outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. The improved system provides a quantitative approach to evaluation of marginal kidneys and may improve allocation of these organs in cadaver renal transplantation. 相似文献
5.
The immunomodulator interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) is one of the major inflammatory mediators. In vivo, it has been reported to depress some rat liver cytochromes P-450 (cytochrome P-450). Our aim was to study those effects in vitro, using cultured fetal rat hepatocytes as a model. Testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450 IIIA family activity) was not depressed by IL-1 treatments, but its induction by dexamethasone was prevented. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. Ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase (cytochrome P-450 IA1 activity) decreased after IL-1 treatment, and dexamethasone partially prevented this inhibition. Acute phase effects of IL-1 were assayed by albumin and transferrin secretions. The cell's sensitivity to glucocorticoids was determined by tyrosine-aminotransferase activity. Our data demonstrate that IL-1 was able to prevent the glucocorticoid induction of cytochrome P-450 IIIA involving at least two different mechanisms. This is in agreement with the theory suggesting that the induction of CYPIIIA family by glucocorticoids requires the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor and some other regulatory elements. Other cytochrome P-450-dependent activities (IIA1, IIB1/2, and IIC11) were inhibited by IL-1 treatments, depending on dose and time, but some were also protected by dexamethasone. 相似文献
6.
Background: The effects of tailored intervention on multiple behaviors and possible moderators of tailoring effects have not yet been
sufficiently demonstrated.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computer-tailored intervention on smoking; physical activity;
and fruit, vegetable, and fat intake; and to test potential moderators of the effectiveness (BMI, age, SES, gender, motivation,
and the number of behaviors for which respondents met the recommendations from national guidelines).Methods: Respondents were randomly assigned to a tailored intervention group, receiving one tailored letter on all of these behaviors,
or a control intervention group, receiving one general information letter on all behaviors.Results: Three months after the baseline assessment, the tailored intervention group showed significantly better effects than the
control group for all behaviors studied, except for smoking. Notably, the intervention did not enhance the health behaviors,
but rather reduced a decline in these behaviors during the 3-month study interval. Effect sizes were small. No moderating
factors were found, except for the number of behaviors for which recommendations were met in the tailoring intervention group
on fruit consumption. The largest effects of the tailored intervention were found for fruit in respondents who did not meet
the recommendations for any behavior (Cohen’s d=0.3).Conclusions: A tailored intervention on multiple behaviors had significant, but limited effects when compared to generic information.
The number of bad habits influenced the effects of the tailored intervention on fruit consumption. 相似文献
7.
Supha K Arthurs Albert J Eid Rachel A Pedersen Ross A Dierkhising Walter K Kremers Robin Patel Raymund R Razonable 《Liver transplantation》2007,13(12):1703-1709
Clinical practice guidelines recommend antiviral prophylaxis to cytomegalovirus (CMV) donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+/R-) liver transplant recipients. We assessed the outcome of this strategy by determining the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors of CMV disease among CMV D+/R- liver transplant recipients who received antiviral prophylaxis. Sixty-seven CMV D+/R- liver transplant recipients (mean age+/-standard deviation: 49.5+/-11.4 years; 75% male) received oral ganciclovir [n=9 (13%)] or valganciclovir [n=58 (87%)] prophylaxis for a median duration of 92 days (interquartile range: 91-100). No breakthrough CMV disease was observed during antiviral prophylaxis. However, primary CMV disease was observed in 2%, 25%, 27%, 27%, and 29% of patients at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, after antiviral prophylaxis was stopped. The incidence of delayed-onset primary CMV disease was similar between those who received oral ganciclovir and valganciclovir. Nine (47%) patients had CMV syndrome, 8 (42%) had gastrointestinal CMV disease, and 2 (11%) had CMV hepatitis. Female patients (P=0.01) and younger age at transplant (P=0.03) were associated with an increased risk, whereas diabetes mellitus (P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower risk of delayed-onset primary CMV disease. Allograft loss or mortality occurred in 8 (12%) patients during the median follow-up period of 3.31 (range: 0.8-5.9) years. No significant association was observed between CMV disease and patient and allograft survival. In conclusion, CMV disease remains a common complication in CMV D+/R- liver transplant patients during the contemporary era of antiviral prophylaxis. Female patients and younger patients are at increased risk of delayed-onset primary CMV disease. 相似文献
8.
Relative carriage rates of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in two populations of different colorectal cancer risk 下载免费PDF全文
Carriage of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia has been associated with colon cancer and implicated in its aetiology. This study has compared the carriage of these organisms in a British population at high risk for the development of colon cancer with a low risk Nigerian population. Clostridia were found in all of the stools from both populations. Nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia were only found in the stools of the British subjects (32%). These results support the suggestion that the carriage rate of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in a population is related to the risk of colon cancer. 相似文献
9.
Development of hatching blastocysts from immature human oocytes following in-vitro maturation and fertilization using a co-culture system 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Hwu YM; Lee RK; Chen CP; Su JT; Chen YW; Lin SP 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(7):1916-1921
Recently, in-vitro maturation (IVM) of immature human oocytes recovered
from non-stimulated follicles has been applied in the treatment of
infertility. However, in previous reports, very few embryos cultured in
conventional medium have reached the expanded blastocyst stage following
in-vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF). The objective of this
study was to investigate whether the developmental competence of human
embryos following IVM/IVF could be enhanced by the use of a human ampullary
cell co-culture system. Immature human oocytes were aspirated from small
follicles at Caesarean section and then cultured in medium containing human
menopausal gonadotrophin for 36 to 48 h, followed by insemination. Zygotes
were randomly cultured either in conventional culture medium alone or in
the co-culture system. Of 48 embryos cultured in conventional medium alone,
all arrested at the 2-16- cell stage on day 3 after insemination. Of 46
embryos cultured in the co-culture system, 26 embryos (56.5%) arrested at
the 2-16-cell stage. Six embryos (13%) developed to the morula stage.
Fourteen embryos (30.4%) developed to expanded blastocysts and two
blastocysts were hatching on day 7 after insemination. We conclude that
co-culture significantly enhances the development of blastocysts in embryos
resulting from IVM/IVF.
相似文献
10.
Detection of chromosomes and estimation of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa using fluorescence in-situ hybridization 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The development and application of fluorescence in-situ hybridization
(FISH) has opened the way for comprehensive studies on numerical chromosome
abnormalities in human spermatozoa. FISH can be rapidly applied to large
numbers of spermatozoa and thus overcomes the major limitation of
karyotyping spermatozoa after penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes. The
simultaneous hybridization of two or more chromosome-specific probes to
spermatozoa and subsequent detection of the bound probes using different
fluorescent detection systems enables two or more chromosomes to be
localized simultaneously in the same spermatozoon and provides a technique
for undertaking reasonable estimates of aneuploidy. The most commonly used
probes are those which bind to the centromeric region of specific
chromosomes. Most studies to date have concentrated on estimating
aneuploidy in spermatozoa from normospermic men, although reports are
beginning to appear on aneuploidy in spermatozoa from subfertile and
infertile men. Multi- probe FISH studies have generally reported disomy
(hyperhaploidy) estimates of 0.05-0.2% per chromosome. There is preliminary
evidence that some chromosomes such as X, Y and 21 are predisposed towards
higher rates of non-disjunction during spermatogenesis. There are also
suggestions of inter-donor variability in aneuploidy frequencies for
specific chromosomes, although this requires confirmation in larger
studies. While FISH is clearly a powerful technique that has many
applications in reproductive medicine, it must also be realized that it
does have limitations and the technology itself is still evolving and has
yet to be fully validated on spermatozoa.
相似文献