Synthesis of Indole-Containing 2-Thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives

The synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives containing α-phenylskatyl residues substituted at C(5) is described. The initial compound was α-phenylnorgramine, which had been previously successfully used for the alkylation of a series of CH-acids, in particular, for the synthesis of diethyl-1H-indol-3-yl(phenyl)methylmalonate. This compound has been used to obtain a series of 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives, which are expected to possess antioxidant, membrane protector, and radioprotector properties.__________Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 29 – 33, January, 2005.     

Epidemiological situation and the objectives regarding the intensification of the control of tuberculosis in the Western Siberia

Analysis of the epidemiological parameters related to tuberculosis in Western Siberia for the last 30 years is given. Tuberculosis still manifests itself as a social disease. The last decade is marked by a slowing down of morbidity reduction. A continuing decrease of registered morbidity is associated with undetected tuberculosis cases owing to a 10-20% reduction of mass population screening. The problem of the interconnection of human and farm animal tuberculosis is still actual for Western Siberia. Morbidity rate among the farm workers in unfavourable regions amounts to 250 per 100,000. Successful tuberculosis control requires joint efforts of phthisiologists, veterinarians and organs of power.     

Problems of the diagnosis and differential treatment procedures in congenital dacryocystitis

The paper analyses effectiveness of treatment for dacryocystitis in 223 children, aged from 1 months up to 15 years. In 35 children the process was bilateral. In 232 cases dacryocystitis was congenital, in 26--acquired. Complex examination of lacrimal and upper respiratory tracts has revealed pathology in 53% of cases. In these cases preliminary sanation of upper respiratory tracts was made. A scheme of a staged treatment for congenital dacryocystitis is proposed, and results after treatment by retrograde catheterization in 161 children aged to 1.5 year and by endonasal dacryorhinostomy in 62 children above 2.5 years of life are analysed.     

Principles of formalization of the syndrome diagnosis used in an automated system of management of patients

Conclusion The method of diagnosis of diseases based on the syndrome analysis is generally acknowledged. It should be noted that the methods described in this work formalize such important concepts as symptom, symptom-complex, simple and complicated syndromes, degrees of their manifestation and certainty, and their diagnostic value. The diagnostic algorithms developed on the basis of these concepts save the physician a great deal of routine work (studying results of numerous analyses and examinations) and provide consultative aid. Syndrome diagnosis of renal diseases has been considered as an example. Diagnostic systems using the method of early diagnosis of diseases described in this work will provide improved quality and reliability of diagnosis because monitoring of pathological deviations is performed automatically. The physician is immediately informed about revealed pathological deviations, symptoms, and syndromes; exacerbation of chronic diseases and appearance of new diseases. The automated system makes card catalogs unnecessary, being more expedient. Also, the automated system provides necessary reference information. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. Institute for Problems of Management, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 20–26, May–June, 1998.     

Impact of clinical history on fracture detection with radiography

The effect of knowledge of localizing symptoms and signs in the detection of fractures was studied. Forty radiographs of the extremities were examined twice by seven radiologists; the sessions were separated by 4 months. In 26 cases, a subtle fracture was present; 14 cases were normal. In half of the cases at each session, the precise location of pain, tenderness, or swelling was provided. The observer was asked to determine if the case was normal or abnormal (provide the exact location of the fracture) and to indicate the degree of confidence in the diagnosis. Responses were converted to a numeric scale for analysis. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic parameters indicates that clues regarding location of trauma facilitate detection of fractures. The improvement is based largely on an increased true-positive rate without an increased false-positive rate, regardless of the decision criteria of the radiologist (overall willingness to "overread" or "underread"). This has direct clinical applicability and reinforces the plea of radiologists for precise clinical information.