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排序方式: 共有513条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
Medical complications of lung transplantation. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Surgical advances, in conjunction with more effective immunosuppressive strategies, have propelled the field of lung transplantation forward and have made intermediate-term survival an achievable goal. Nonetheless, the post-transplant course is often marked by complications that threaten both the quality and duration of the recipient's life. Many of the medical complications that arise are the direct consequence of the need to administer potent immunosuppressive agents, with their attendant risks of infection, malignancy and drug toxicity. This article will review the major medical complications, excluding allograft rejection, which may be encountered in the lung transplant recipient. Familiarity with, and vigilance for, these problems should facilitate earlier recognition, more expeditious intervention and more favourable outcomes. 相似文献
3.
Vivek N Ahya Alden M Doyle James D Mendez David A Lipson Jason D Christie Emily A Blumberg Alberto Pochettino Linda Nelson Roy D Bloom Robert M Kotloff 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2005,24(7):932-935
Chronic rejection is the major hurdle to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Endobronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in patients with chronic rejection and this may further contribute to deterioration of the allograft. Inhaled tobramycin is commonly used to treat P aeruginosa airways infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. The safety of inhaled tobramycin in transplant recipients, however, has not been established. We describe the first report of a lung transplant recipient who developed renal failure and vestibular injury after receiving inhaled tobramycin. We review the literature regarding the safety of inhaled tobramycin and discuss potential mechanisms that may promote systemic toxicity in transplant recipients. 相似文献
4.
5.
Evaluation of three substitutes for Percoll in sperm isolation by density gradient centrifugation 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
Silane-coated silica particle solutions (ISolate(TM) and PureSperm)TM)) and
iodixanol (OptiPrep(TM)) were compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated
silica particles (Percoll(TM)) in their efficacy to recover spermatozoa by
gradient centrifugation for use in assisted reproductive procedures.
Efficacy was assessed in terms of percentages of sperm recovery, sperm
vitality and motility, normal sperm morphology and normal sperm chromatin
condensation. No significant difference was found in the recovery of
spermatozoa for men with both normal sperm counts and oligozoospermia,
between PVP-coated and silane-coated particle solutions. Iodixanol had
significantly lower sperm recovery compared to the other products. Sperm
vitality, progressive motility, normal morphology and normal chromatin
condensation did not differ significantly between any of the sperm
isolation products.
相似文献
6.
Aboudola S Kotloff KL Kyne L Warny M Kelly EC Sougioultzis S Giannasca PJ Monath TP Kelly CP 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(3):1608-1610
There is a strong association between serum antibody responses to toxin A and protection against Clostridium difficile diarrhea. A parenteral C. difficile toxoid vaccine induced very-high-level responses to anti-toxin A immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the sera of healthy volunteers. After vaccination, the concentrations of anti-toxin A IgG in the sera of all 30 recipients exceeded the concentrations that were associated with protection in previous clinical studies. Furthermore, the median concentration of serum anti-toxin A IgG in the test group was 50-fold higher than the previous threshold. These findings support the feasibility of using a vaccine to protect high-risk individuals against C. difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. 相似文献
7.
Safety and immunogenicity of oral inactivated whole-cell Helicobacter pylori vaccine with adjuvant among volunteers with or without subclinical infection 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29 下载免费PDF全文
Kotloff KL Sztein MB Wasserman SS Losonsky GA DiLorenzo SC Walker RI 《Infection and immunity》2001,69(6):3581-3590
Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa can be found in approximately 50% of the world's population and is associated with a range of pathology, including peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. To explore immunization as a strategy for preventing and treating H. pylori-associated disease, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults of a formalin-inactivated, oral H. pylori whole-cell (HWC) vaccine, administered with or without mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT(R192G)) as a mucosal adjuvant. In a dose-response study, 23 subjects with or without H. pylori infection were vaccinated with either 2.5 x 10(6) HWC, 2.5 x 10(8) HWC, or 2.5 x 10(10) HWC, plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Thereafter, a randomized study was conducted in which 18 H. pylori-infected subjects were assigned, in a double-blind fashion, to receive either 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus placebo-adjuvant, placebo-vaccine plus 25 microg of LT(R192G), placebo-vaccine plus placebo-adjuvant, or 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Diarrhea (six subjects), low-grade fever (five subjects), and vomiting (two subjects) were observed, usually after the first dose. Significant rises in geometric mean mucosal (fecal and salivary) anti-HWC immunoglobulin A antibodies occurred among H. pylori-infected and uninfected subjects following inoculation with 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Moreover, among H. pylori-negative volunteers, this regimen induced significant lymphoproliferative responses in 5 of 10 subjects and gamma interferon production responses to H. pylori sonicate in 7 of 10 subjects. There was no evidence that vaccination eradicated H. pylori in infected volunteers. These results suggest that it is possible to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses in humans to H. pylori antigens by using an HWC vaccine. 相似文献
8.
Self-assembly of in vitro-translated human papillomavirus type 16 L1 capsid protein into virus-like particles and antigenic reactivity of the protein. 下载免费PDF全文
S Iyengar K V Shah K L Kotloff S J Ghim R P Viscidi 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》1996,3(6):733-739
The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 capsid protein is the major component of the HPV virion. We prepared L1 protein of HPV-16 in a cell-free system. The L1 gene was cloned in an expression plasmid and transcribed and translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The expressed protein had the molecular mass (55 kDa) expected for the L1 protein, and it assembled into virus-like particles that closely resembled papillomavirus virions. The protein retained conformational epitopes, as evidenced by its reactivity with monoclonal antibodies which recognize only intact viral particles. In radioimmunoprecipitation assays with sera from college women grouped by their genital tract HPV DNA status, high reactivity was found in 68% of HPV-16 DNA-positive women, in 23% of women with other HPVs, and in 19% of HPV-negative women. In comparison, none of the sera of children were reactive. The results of the radioimmunoprecipitation assays showed a significant correlation with results obtained with the same sera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with virus-like particles produced in baculovirus (chi-square test for linear trend, P = 0.0023). Although the amounts of L1 protein obtained are small, the ability to produce virus-like particles by in vitro translation may be useful in the study of virus assembly, virus binding, and the immunological response to HPV infection. 相似文献
9.
Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
Marsh DJ; Coulon V; Lunetta KL; Rocca-Serra P; Dahia PL; Zheng Z; Liaw D; Caron S; Duboue B; Lin AY; Richardson AL; Bonnetblanc JM; Bressieux JM; Cabarrot-Moreau A; Chompret A; Demange L; Eeles RA; Yahanda AM; Fearon ER; Fricker JP; Gorlin RJ; Hodgson SV; Huson S; Lacombe D; Eng C 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(3):507-515
The tumour suppressor gene PTEN , which maps to 10q23.3 and encodes a 403
amino acid dual specificity phosphatase (protein tyrosine phosphatase;
PTPase), was shown recently to play a broad role in human malignancy.
Somatic PTEN deletions and mutations were observed in sporadic breast,
brain, prostate and kidney cancer cell lines and in several primary tumours
such as endometrial carcinomas, malignant melanoma and thyroid tumours. In
addition, PTEN was identified as the susceptibility gene for two hamartoma
syndromes: Cowden disease (CD; MIM 158350) and Bannayan-Zonana (BZS) or
Ruvalcaba-Riley-Smith syndrome (MIM 153480). Constitutive DNA from 37 CD
families and seven BZS families was screened for germline PTEN mutations.
PTEN mutations were identified in 30 of 37 (81%) CD families, including
missense and nonsense point mutations, deletions, insertions, a
deletion/insertion and splice site mutations. These mutations were
scattered over the entire length of PTEN , with the exception of the first,
fourth and last exons. A 'hot spot' for PTEN mutation in CD was identified
in exon 5 that contains the PTPase core motif, with 13 of 30 (43%) CD
mutations identified in this exon. Seven of 30 (23%) were within the core
motif, the majority (five of seven) of which were missense mutations,
possibly pointing to the functional significance of this region. Germline
PTEN mutations were identified in four of seven (57%) BZS families studied.
Interestingly, none of these mutations was observed in the PTPase core
motif. It is also worthy of note that a single nonsense point mutation,
R233X, was observed in the germline DNA from two unrelated CD families and
one BZS family. Genotype-phenotype studies were not performed on this small
group of BZS families. However, genotype-phenotype analysis inthe group of
CD families revealed two possible associations worthy of follow-up in
independent analyses. The first was an association noted in the group of CD
families with breast disease. A correlation was observed between the
presence/absence of a PTEN mutation and the type of breast involvement
(unaffected versus benign versus malignant). Specifically and more
directly, an association was also observed between the presence of a PTEN
mutation and malignant breast disease. Secondly, there appeared to be an
interdependent association between mutations upstream and within the PTPase
core motif, the core motif containing the majority of missense mutations,
and the involvement of all major organ systems (central nervous system,
thyroid, breast, skin and gastrointestinal tract). However, these
observations would need to be confirmed by studying a larger number of CD
families.
相似文献
10.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentered trial of the efficacy of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in preventing cholera following challenge with Vibrio cholerae O1 El tor inaba three months after vaccination 下载免费PDF全文
Tacket CO Cohen MB Wasserman SS Losonsky G Livio S Kotloff K Edelman R Kaper JB Cryz SJ Giannella RA Schiff G Levine MM 《Infection and immunity》1999,67(12):6341-6345
CVD 103-HgR is a live oral cholera vaccine strain constructed by deleting 94% of the gene for the enzymatically active A subunit of cholera toxin from classical Inaba Vibrio cholerae O1 569B; the strain also contains a mercury resistance gene as an identifying marker. This vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in double-blind, controlled studies and was protective in open-label studies of volunteers challenged with V. cholerae O1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of vaccine efficacy was designed to test longer-term protection of CVD 103-HgR against moderate and severe El Tor cholera in U.S. volunteers. A total of 85 volunteers (50 at the University of Maryland and 35 at Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati) were recruited for vaccination and challenge with wild-type V. cholerae El Tor Inaba. Volunteers were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive, with buffer, a single oral dose of either CVD 103-HgR (2 x 10(8) to 8 x 10(8) CFU) or placebo (killed E. coli K-12). About 3 months after immunization, 51 of these volunteers were orally challenged with 10(5) CFU of virulent V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961, prepared from a standardized frozen inoculum. Ninety-one percent of the vaccinees had a >/=4-fold rise in serum vibriocidal antibodies after vaccination. After challenge, 9 (39%) of the 23 placebo recipients and 1 (4%) of the 28 vaccinees had moderate or severe diarrhea (>/=3-liter diarrheal stool) (P < 0.01; protective efficacy, 91%). A total of 21 (91%) of 23 placebo recipients and 5 (18%) of 28 vaccinees had any diarrhea (P < 0.001; protective efficacy, 80%). Peak stool V. cholerae excretion among placebo recipients was 1.1 x 10(7) CFU/g and among vaccinees was 4.9 x 10(2) CFU/g (P < 0.001). This vaccine could therefore be a safe and effective tool to prevent cholera in travelers. 相似文献