The neural control of smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis of the dog was investigated in relation to the mechanism involved in erection, using isometric tension recording and micro-electrode methods. In the corpus spongiosum, field stimulation evoked twitch-like contractions followed by relaxations. These relaxations were enhanced and prolonged by neostigmine and partly suppressed by atropine. Guanethidine abolished the twitch-like contractions and increased muscle tone. The relaxations observed after pre-treatment with guanethidine were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), thereby indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory, cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves. In the helicine artery and bulbus glandis, field stimulation evoked contractions and these contractions were abolished by guanethidine or TTX, indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory nerve fibres. After pre-treatment with guanethidine and atropine, muscle relaxation appeared in response to field stimulation in the helicine artery but not in the bulbus glandis, indicating that the helicine artery in the corpus spongiosum is also innervated by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in addition to the excitatory adrenergic nerves. In the smooth muscle cells of the corpus spongiosum, slow potential changes were correlated with spontaneous contractions and field stimulation evoked excitatory or inhibitory junction potentials. The neural mechanism involved in erection is discussed in relation to the topical difference in the autonomic innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis. 相似文献
Background: Carbon dioxide is an important vasodilator of cerebral blood vessels. Cerebral vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels has not been demonstrated in precapillary microvessel levels. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine whether ATP-sensitive K+ channels play a role in vasodilation induced by mild hypercapnia in precapillary arterioles of the rat cerebral cortex.
Methods: Brain slices from rat cerebral cortex were prepared and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, including normal (Pco2 = 40 mmHg; pH = 7.4), hypercapnic (Pco2 = 50 mmHg; pH = 7.3), and hypercapnic normal pH (Pco2 = 50 mmHg; pH = 7.4) solutions. The ID of a cerebral parenchymal arteriole (5-9.5 [mu]m) was monitored using computerized videomicroscopy.
Results: During contraction to prostaglandin F2[alpha] (5 x 10-7 m), hypercapnia, but not hypercapnia under normal pH, induced marked vasodilation, which was completely abolished by the selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist glibenclamide (5 x 10-6 m). However, the selective Ca2+-dependent K+ channel antagonist iberiotoxin (10-7 m) as well as the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10-4 m) did not alter vasodilation. A selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, levcromakalim (3 x 10-8 to 3 x 10-7 m), induced vasodilation, whereas this vasodilation was abolished by glibenclamide. 相似文献
A 77-year-old man, who underwent segmental pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma in 2001, was referred to our hospital with complaints of hematemesis and melena on January, 2004. Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a pulsating submucosal protrusion in the duodenal bulb, which was identified as a gastroduodenal arterial aneurysm measuring 1.5cm on abdominal CT imaging. Transcatheter arterial embolization of the aneurysm with metallic coils was successfully performed. Periodically repeated endoscopic examination has revealed the coils protruding into the duodenal lumen without any serious complication. 相似文献
Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.Abbreviations CA
Commissura anterior
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- DP
Decussatio pyramidum
- DPCS
Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum
- F
Columna fornicis
- FLM
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- FMT
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus
- GCM
Griseum centrale mesencephali
- GCP
Griseum centrale pontis
- LL
Lemniscus lateralis
- LM
Lemniscus medialis
- PCM
Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
- PCS
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
- TO
Tractus opticus
- TS
Tractus solitarius
- TVme
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- V
Ventriculus tertius
- VTS
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- am
nucleus ambiguus
- B
Barrington nucleus
- com
nucleus commissuralis
- cp
nucleus caudatus putamen
- cs
nucleus centralis superior
- ct
nucleus corporis trapezoidei
- cu
nucleus cuneatus
- dX
nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- Gd
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (von Gudden)
- gr
nucleus gracilis
- Gv
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (von Gudden)
- ha
nucleus hypothalamicus anterior
- hl
nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis
- hpe
nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami)
- hvm
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
- lc
nucleus locus coeruleus
- oi
nucleus olivaris inferior
- p
nucleus pontis
- pa
nucleus paraventricularis
- pbl
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis
- pbm
nucleus parabrachialis medialis
- ph
nucleus praepositus hypoglossi
- pol
nucleus preopticus lateralis
- pom
nucleus preopticus medialis
- pop
nucleus preopticus periventricularis
- rd
nucleus raphe dorsalis
- re
nucleus reuniens
- rl
nucleus reticularis lateralis
- rm
nucleus raphe magnus
- ro
nucleus raphe obscrus
- sc
nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- so
nucleus supraopticus
- st
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
- td
nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- ts
nucleus tractus solitarii
- Vme
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- Vmo
nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
- Vts
nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- XII
nucleus nervi hypoglossi 相似文献
Cell-to-cell interaction was investigated in various malignant tumor cells (human ovarial tumor, lung cancer, carcinoma of larynx and hamster melanoma cell) and in human lymphoblastoid cells (T-cell (MOLT-4 cell), thymoma cells and B-cells (Burkitt lymphoma cell)). Live lymphoblastoid cells did not adhere to the cell surfaces of tumor cells nor the lymphoblastoid cells were ingested by tumor cells wihout immunologic and specific treatment. Tumor cells as well as T-cells and B-cells had receptors to concanavalin A on their surfaces, and they showed marked cell binding of tumor cells and lymphoblastoid cells. Moreover, tumor cells that phagocytized lymphoblasts underwent marked cell destruction within 4 hours of cell binding. The cytolytic mechanism of the target tumor cell was probably related to contact with the lymphoblastoid cells and was increased by ingestive activity, and metabolic disturbance by lymphotoxin in tumor cells. 相似文献
A floating cell line (HGC-25) was established from the metastatic ascitic fluid of a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma of ductal cell origin. The cell line was characterized by the growth in suspension with a doubling time of 15.6 hr, a high cloning efficiency in soft agar and a modal chromosome number of 72. Electron microscopic examination revealed terminal bars in a small number of cells. Production of mucin and immunoglobulins and phagocytosis were not demonstrated. Heterotransplantation of the cells produced tumors, being undifferentiated carcinoma histologically. These characteristics mentioned above confirm that HGC-25 cell line is a human pancreatic cancer ceU line. 相似文献
In vitro effects of CCA, an anti-arthritis agent, were studied upon autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), lymphocyte mitogenesis, IL 1 and IL 2 production, immunoglobulin production and gamma-interferon (IFN) production. CCA at 50 micrograms/ml, which was not toxic to cells, blocked AMLR, IL 1 production and immunoglobulin production (IgM and IgG) significantly, while CCA at the same dose did not affect IL 2 production and lymphocyte mitogenic responses to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I(SAC) and pokeweed mitogen(PWM). CCA at both 20 ng/ml and 20 micrograms/ml induced human gamma/IFN. Addition of IL 1 and/or IL 2 reversed inhibitory effect of CCA on AMLR. These data suggest that CCA exerts its actions by mainly affecting T cells and monocytes and can be used as an immunomodulator. 相似文献
We previously showed that the mixed haplotype Abetaz/Aalphad major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules function as restricting element for autoreactive T-cell clones derived from autoimmune prone (NZBxNZW)F1 (B/WF1) mice. Subsequent analysis revealed that some of these Abetaz/Aalphad-restricted autoreactive T-cell clones were pathogenic upon transfer to pre-autoimmune B/WF1 mice. In this paper, we analysed the peptide-binding motif of Abetaz/Aalphad class II molecules. Amino acid-sequencing analysis of peptides eluted from purified Abetaz/Aalphad molecules revealed several sequences, including one that corresponds to murine l-plastin 588-601. Synthetic 18-mer l-plastin 588-605 peptide (SMARKIGARVYALPEDLV, as described by the amino acid single letter code) was demonstrated to bind to Abetaz/Aalphad MHC class II molecules on transfectant B lymphoma cells (TAbetaz). A competitive binding inhibition assay using truncation peptides revealed the core sequence for binding resides in 591Arg to 601Pro. Binding inhibition assay using substitution peptides, each having substitution to the other 19 residues at positions from 590Ala to 601Pro, revealed four major anchor sites 592Lys (p1), 594Gly (p3), 595Ala (p4), 597Val (p6) and one minor anchor site 600Leu (p9). Positively charged residues are not allowed at p3 and negatively charged residues are not allowed at p4 and p6. Relatively large hydrophobic residues (Leu, Ile) are not tolerated at p3 and p4. Met and Trp are not tolerated at p6. Based on these findings, the characteristics of peptides recognized by autoreactive T cells in B/WF1 mice are discussed. 相似文献