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A mixed‐method study of effects of a therapeutic play intervention for children on parental anxiety and parents' perceptions of the intervention
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3.
Ian Gooding Vicky Dondos Khin Ma Gyi Margaret Hodson David Westaby 《Liver transplantation》2005,11(12):1522-1526
Autopsy and imaging studies show that liver involvement is common in cystic fibrosis. However, complications of chronic liver disease including portal hypertension and variceal bleeding are infrequently encountered, and the degree to which variceal hemorrhage affects prognosis in cystic fibrosis is unclear. This uncertainty has lead to debate as to whether liver transplantation is indicated in these patients. We describe a case series of 18 patients and compare their survival with a control group of cystic fibrosis patients without liver disease. The median age at first bleed was 20.0 years (range 9.7-30.9). The median survival after first bleed was 8.4 years, compared to 13.0 years in the control group (P = 0.15). A total of 14 patients have died, 9 from respiratory disease with no discernable contribution from their liver disease. Liver disease contributed to 4 deaths. Only 1 patient suffered a fatal hemorrhage, which may have been either variceal or bronchial in origin. Long-term survival is a frequent occurrence in patients with cystic fibrosis who suffer variceal hemorrhage, and age at death is comparable to the general cystic fibrosis population. In conclusion, this suggests that liver transplantation is not indicated in these patients without additional features of liver decompensation. 相似文献
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High prevalence of hepatitis B virus pre-s mutant in countries where it is endemic and its relationship with genotype and chronicity 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
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Huy TT Ushijima H Win KM Luengrojanakul P Shrestha PK Zhong ZH Smirnov AV Taltavull TC Sata T Abe K 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(12):5449-5455
It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants carrying mutations in the pre-S region can be found in infected patients. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the HBV variant with the pre-S mutant in different geographic regions, including countries with low and high levels of endemic HBV infection, and analyzed the correlation with clinical findings. We examined 387 HBV DNA-positive serum samples from individuals among 12 countries, consisting of Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Korea, Nepal, Japan, Russia, Spain, United States, Bolivia, and Ghana. HBV pre-S mutants were detected in 71 (18.3%) of 387 serum samples tested. This mutant was the most prevalent in Vietnam (36%), followed by Nepal (27.3%), Myanmar (23.3%), China (22.4%), Korea (14.3%), Thailand (10.5%), Japan (7.7%), and Ghana (4.3%). In contrast, no case with this mutation was found in Russia, Spain, United States, and Bolivia. Among the HBV deletion mutations, 15.5% (11 of 71) occurred in the pre-S1 and 46.5% (33 of 71) in the pre-S2 regions. Eight (11.3%) cases had a mutation in both the pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions. In addition, a point mutation at the pre-S2 starting codon was observed in 19 (26.7%) cases. The detection rate of the HBV mutant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than in other patients (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these mutants were found more frequently in genotype B (25%) and genotype C (24.5%) than in the other genotypes (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that there was a high prevalence of HBV pre-S mutation in regions of endemic HBV infection in Asia. Furthermore, the pre-S mutation appeared to be correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV genotypes. 相似文献
7.
Effects of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the development and differentiation of CD5-positive macrophages and their potential derivation from a CD5-positive B-cell lineage in mice. 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
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K. Takahashi K. Miyakawa A. A. Wynn K. Nakayama Y. Y. Myint M. Naito L. D. Shultz A. Tominaga K. Takatsu 《The American journal of pathology》1998,152(2):445-456
In co-cultures of either the murine pre-B cell line J13, fetal liver cells, or adult peritoneal or bone marrow cells with ST2 mouse bone marrow stromal cells in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the development of CD5+ macrophages was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. Although CD5+ macrophages were not present in the peritoneal cavities of normal mice, approximately 30% of the peritoneal macrophages in viable motheaten (mev/mev) mice, deficient in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, expressed cell surface CD5 and B220, markers for B cells. In the mev/mev mice, GM-CSF level in peritoneal fluid was increased significantly. At 5 days after daily intravenous injection with GM-CSF, many CD5+ macrophages appeared in the peritoneal cavity and in omental milky spots of normal mice but fewer in osteopetrosis (op) mutant mice, deficient in macrophage (M)-CSF. These results indicate that GM-CSF, in combination with M-CSF, induces the development and differentiation of CD5+ macrophages in the peritoneal cavity, particularly in the omental milky spots of mice. In the peritoneal cavity of GM-CSF-treated mice, the percentages of hematopoietic progenitor cells doubly positive for CD5 and CD34 or c-kit and of macrophage precursor cells doubly positive for CD5 and ER-MP58 or ER-MP20 were increased significantly during the development of CD5+ macrophages and CD5 B cells, suggesting that CD5+ macrophages and B cells may share a bipotential progenitor in vivo. 相似文献
8.
Visualizing cytokine-secreting cells in situ in the rhesus macaque model of chronic gut inflammation
Ramesh G Alvarez X Borda JT Aye PP Lackner AA Sestak K 《Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology》2005,12(1):192-197
Cytokine-producing cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques with chronic enterocolitis were studied. The confocal microscopy technique that we developed enables simultaneous in situ visualization of multiple extra- and/or intracellular antigens at a resolution higher than that allowed by light or epifluorescence microscopy. The presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-, and IL-1-alpha-producing cells was focally intense in the colon lamina propria of the affected animals. The IL-1-alpha-producing cells were T lymphocytes (CD3+), while the TNF-alpha-producing cells were both macrophages (CD68+/HAM56+/LN5+) and T lymphocytes (CD3+). The IL-6-producing cells within the colon consisted of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The amount of IL-6-producing cells seen in macaques with enterocolitis was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that seen in the healthy control animal, while TNF-alpha- and IL-1-alpha-producing cells were seen only in macaques with enterocolitis. Most of the T lymphocytes that produced cytokines were detected in the lamina propria, while the macrophages were most prominent in highly inflamed regions of the lamina propria. Taken together, our findings indicate that there might be immunological similarity between chronic enterocolitis of rhesus macaques and humans, suggesting the potential use of the nonhuman primate model for the validation of novel therapies. 相似文献
9.
Summary Induction of microtubulin paracrystals (Pc) by Kunjin (KUN) virus occurred after 15 hours post-infection and were often associated with convoluted membranes (cm) and virus particles. Vinblastine sulphate which disrupts microtubulin, had an inhibitory effect on the virus production when added during the viral latent period. When infected samples were extracted with Triton X-100 and analysed by SDS-PAGE, four viral proteins were observed. 相似文献
10.
Fibronectin activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion via the MEK1-MAPK and the PI3K-Akt pathways in ovarian cancer cells 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Thant AA Nawa A Kikkawa F Ichigotani Y Zhang Y Sein TT Amin AR Hamaguchi M 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2000,18(5):423-428
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix appears to trigger a cascade of intracellular signalings. We have previously shown
that treatment of ovarian cancer cells, NOM1, with fibronectin (FN) stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion
and thereby activated the invasiveness of cells via the FAK/Ras signaling pathway. By use of chemical inhibitors, we investigated
the downstream effectors critical for FN-dependent secretion of MMP-9. Treatment of cells with MEK1 inhibitors, U0126 and
PD98059, dramatically suppressed the secretion of MMP-9 activated by FN. Similarly, PI-3 kinase inhibitors, Wortmannin and
LY294002, strongly suppressed the FN-dependent secretion of MMP-9 together with the inhibition of Akt activation. In contrast,
a specific PKC inhibitor (GF109203X) showed no inhibitory effect on the FN-dependent MMP-9 secretion. Moreover, we found that
both the MEK1 inhibitor and the PI3-K inhibitor, but not the PKC inhibitor, strongly suppressed the invasiveness of NOM1 cells.
Taken together, our results suggest that activation of dual signaling pathways, MEK1-MAPK and PI3K-Akt, is required for the
FN-dependent activation of MMP-9 secretion. Our results suggest the importance of these signaling molecules as a chemotherapeutic
target for cancer.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献