人发中铜的分析研究

发样用HN03-HCO04加热消化，然后用BAO分光光度法直接测微量铜，T（4-TAP）P法测痕量铜。方法的准确度用不同方法对照分析的结果比对，所得结果准确可靠，应用BAO法测定人发、粉尘和尿铜，弄清了发铜的含量水平，铜污染的来源及其迁移，从而为微量铜与健康的研究，环境污染防治以及发铜的标准参照测试提供科学依据。     

Overexpression of S100A4 is closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer

Elevated levels of the calcium-binding protein S100A4 cause metastasis of benign rat mammary tumor cells. To investigate whether S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancers, we examined the gene mutations in the coding regions and expression patterns of the S100A4 in gastric adenocarcinoma in Korea. Moderate to strong expression of S100A4 was found in 53 (68.8%) of the 77 gastric adenocarcinomas, whilst normal gastric epithelium either failed to stain or showed weak staining. Interestingly, S100A4 expression was more frequently observed in gastric cancer patients with advanced gastric cancer (p=0.039), positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.001), and peritoneal dissemination (p=0.022). No gene mutations were found in the analyzed genomic area in 77 gastric adenocarcinomas and 15 gastric cancer cell lines. We found one single nucleotide polymorphism without an amino acid change, A99G, in two cases. These data suggest that the overexpression of S100A4 may be closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in Korea.     

Analysis of microdissected prostate tissue with ProteinChip arrays--a way to new insights into carcinogenesis and to diagnostic tools

Prostate carcinomas are one of the most common malignancies in western societies. The pathogenesis of this tumor is still poorly understood. These tumors present with two characteristic features: epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which play a pivotal role for tumor development and most of clinically manifest cancers arise in prostate proper compared to a minority of tumors which develop in the transitional zone. Deciphering the epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk and identification of molecular pecularities of the sub-populations of cells in different zones can therefore help understanding carcinogenesis and development of new, non-invasive tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate carcinomas which has remained a challenge until today. A ProteinChip array technology (SELDI = surface enhanced laser desorption ionization) has been developed recently by Ciphergen Biosystems enabling analysis and profiling of complex protein mixtures from a few cells. This study describes the analysis of approximately 500-1000 freshly obtained prostate cells by SELDI-TOF-MS (surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Pure cell populations of stroma, epithelium and tumor cells were selected by laser assisted microdissection. Multiple specific protein patterns were reproducibly detected in the range from 1.5 to 30 kDa in 28 sub-populations of 4 tumorous prostates and 1 control. A specific 4.3 kDa peak was increased in the prostate tumor stroma compared to normal prostate proper and transitional zone stroma and increased in prostate tumor glands compared to normal prostate proper and transitional zone glands. Coupling laser assisted microdissection with SELDI provides tremendous opportunities to identify cell and tumor specific proteins to understand molecular events underlying prostate carcinoma development. It underlines the vast potential of this technology to better understand pathogenesis and identify potential candidates for new specific biomarkers in general which could help to screen for and distinguish disease entities, i.e. between clinically significant and insignificant carcinomas of the prostate.     

应用微囊化转基因细胞进行小鼠腹腔移植的实验研究

目的:探讨微囊化转基因细胞用于异体细胞移植治疗的可能性。方法:使用静电液滴技术制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊,包埋转入癌胚抗原部分基因的人成纤维样骨髓基质细胞,进行实验小鼠腹腔移植。结果:微囊化人源细胞移植到小鼠腹腔3个月内,细胞可以继续生长、增殖并提高小鼠的兔疫功能。结论:海藻酸钠-壳聚糖作为成囊材料具有良好的生物相容性、囊膜强度和免疫隔离作用;微囊化细胞移植有助于扩大异体移植的细胞来源,并为构建微囊化转基因细胞疫苗治疗恶性肿瘤的研究提供了可靠的依据。     

Causal Effects of Homocysteine,Folate, and Cobalamin on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Blood homocysteine level and related vitamin levels are associated with various health outcomes. We aimed to assess causal effects of blood homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin on kidney function in the general population by performing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetic instruments for blood homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin levels were introduced from a previous genome-wide association (GWAS) meta-analysis of European individuals. Summary-level MR analysis was performed for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the CKDGen consortium GWAS that included 567,460 European ancestry individuals. For replication, allele-score-based MR was performed with an independent U.K. Biobank cohort of 337,138 individuals of white British ancestry. In summary-level MR for the CKDGen data, high genetically predicted homocysteine levels were significantly associated with low eGFR (per 1 standard deviation, beta for eGFR change −0.95 (−1.21, −0.69) %), supported by pleiotropy-robust MR sensitivity analysis. Genetically predicted high folate levels were significantly associated with high eGFR change (0.86 (0.30, 1.42) %); however, causal estimates from cobalamin were nonsignificant (−0.11 (−0.33, 0.11) %). In the U.K. Biobank data, the results were consistently identified. Therefore, a high blood homocysteine level causally decreases eGFR. Future trials with appropriate homocysteine-lowering interventions may be helpful for the primary prevention of kidney function impairment.     

Diagnostic accuracy of Raman spectroscopy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAlthough various studies have been conducted to demonstrate the possibility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PC), it is difficult to use it in the real clinical area because of imitations in various research processes. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis about the accuracy in diagnostic use of RS for PC.MethodsA literature search was done using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases in March 2019 to analyze the accuracy of RS for diagnosis of PC. The accuracy of RS for diagnosis of PC was evaluated by means of pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC).ResultsFive studies were included for qualitative analysis by screening the remaining articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by means of a systematic review. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of RS were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87–0.91) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.93), respectively. The overall PLR and NLR were 9.12 (95% CI: 4.15–20.08) and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.07–0.29), respectively. The DOR of RS demonstrated high accuracy (73.32; 95% CI: 18.43–291.73). The area under the curves (AUCs) of SROC curves was 0.93.ConclusionsRS is an optical diagnostic method with high potential for diagnosis and grading of PC and has advantages of real-time and convenient use. In order to consider real-time use of RS in an actual clinical setting, more studies for standardization and generalization of RS performance and analytical method must be conducted.     

常温下肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤及其机制的实验研究

目的　研究常温下肝脏缺血 /再灌注损伤及其机制。方法　 2 4只兔随机均分为缺血组和对照组。组织气体分析仪持续测定兔肝组织氧压 (HepatictissueoxygeonpressurePtiO2 ) ;光镜及电镜观察肝脏组织病理改变 ;全自动生化仪测定血清丙氨酸氨基转氨酶 (ALT)。结果　缺血组兔肝脏在缺血后肝PtiO2 值开始下降、30min降至 2 0 1± 2 8,再灌注后的肝PtiO2 值开始恢复 ,再灌注 6 0min肝PtiO2 未恢复正常 (P <0 0 5 )。肝细胞出现变性、坏死 ,血清ALT值显著升高 ,在肝脏再灌注 6 0min时最为严重。结论　常温下用Pringle氏法阻断入肝血流可导致肝脏缺血/再灌注后肝细胞功能障碍和病理损害。其作用机制与缺血期肝细胞缺氧、再灌注期肝脏微循环障碍和肝细胞线粒体的损伤有关。     

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix metastatic to lymph nodes

OBJECTIVE: We set out to evaluate the prognostic factors in cervical adenocarcinoma metastatic to lymph nodes. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective review of 40 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastasis from 1976 to 1996. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients had adenocarcinoma, and six had adenosquamous carcinoma. Median survival was 50 months. The median survival for patients with stage I disease was 69 months. Stage at diagnosis, treatment with radical hysterectomy, and receiving adjuvant therapy were associated with prolonged survival. A trend toward improved survival was noted with the use of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the lymph nodes does not have a uniformly poor prognosis, especially with early-stage disease. Improved survival was observed with the use of adjuvant therapy, specifically the use of combined chemotherapy and radiation after radical hysterectomy. The optimal therapy in this setting is yet to be determined. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:1131-7.)