全文获取类型
收费全文 | 732篇 |
免费 | 57篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 20篇 |
妇产科学 | 14篇 |
基础医学 | 170篇 |
口腔科学 | 31篇 |
临床医学 | 67篇 |
内科学 | 130篇 |
皮肤病学 | 57篇 |
神经病学 | 55篇 |
特种医学 | 15篇 |
外科学 | 76篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 34篇 |
眼科学 | 6篇 |
药学 | 31篇 |
肿瘤学 | 79篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 24篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有789条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
1.
Jean-Pierre Bassand René Faivre Pascal Berthout Jean-Claude Cardot Josette Verdenet Roland Bidet Jean-Pierre Maurat 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1987,13(8):419-424
The influence of left ventricular volume variations and regurgitant fraction variations upon left ventricular ejection fraction, during exercise was examined using equilibrium radionuclide angiography in patients suffering from aortic regurgitation. Ejection fraction (EF), regurgitant fraction (RF), end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) variations from rest to peak exercise were determined in 44 patients suffering from chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) and in 8 healthy volunteers (C). In C, EF increased (+0.10±0.03, P<0.01) and ESV decreased significantly (-23%±12%, P<0.01) RF and EDV did not vary significantly. In AR patients, EF, EDV and ESV did not vary significantly because of important scattering of individual values. Changes in EF and ESV were inversely correlated (r=-0.79, P<0.01) and RF decreased significantly (-0.12±0.10, P<0.01). Volumes and EF changes during exercise occurred in three different ways. In a 1st subgroup of 7 patients, EF increased (+0.09±0.03, P<0.05) in conjunction with a reduction of ESV (-24%±12%, P<0.05) without a significant change in EDV. In a 2nd group of 22 patients. EF decreased (-0.04±0.07, P<0.01) in association with an increase in ESV (+17%±16%, P<0.01) and no change in EDV. In a 3rd subgroup of 15 patients, EF decreased (-0.02±0.06, P<0.01) despite a reduction in ESV (-7%±6%, P<0.01) because of a dramatic EDV decrease (-10%±6%, P<0.05). In this subgroup, changes in EF were inversely correlated with changes in ESV (r=-0.55, P<0.01) and positively related to EDV variations (r=0.42, P=0.02). EDV related to EDV variations (r=0.42, P=0.02). EDV changes were weakly, but significantly, correlated to RF decrease (r=0.39, P<0.05). We conclude that changes in left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation are significantly related in some patients to changes in ventricular loading conditions as well as contractile state. Therefore, a correct interpretation of EF changes during exercise requires the simultaneous determination of changes in LV volumes.Abbreviations EDV
end diastolic volume
- EF
ejection fraction
- ESV
end systolic volume
- LV
left ventricle
- RV
right ventricle 相似文献
2.
P Deleuze D Y Loisance N Shiiya F Wan M L Hillion C Benvenuti Y Heurtematte J P Cachera 《The International journal of artificial organs》1991,14(5):286-289
Maintenance of the body's perfusion by a total artificial heart (TAH) may result in physiological alterations to the circulatory system. Little has been said about modifications to systemic vascular resistances (SVR) during TAH assistance. This paper reports on two patients implanted with a Jarvik - 70 cc TAH, who died after 1 and 3 days, both with an irreversible drop of SVR related to a complete loss of vascular tone but not related to sepsis. Activation of multiple cascades of inflammation, triggered by the extracorporeal circulation (ECC), is maintained during TAH support. Desperately sick patients might not be able to face the vaso-active situations created by the inflammatory response. 相似文献
3.
Coindre JM Hostein I Maire G Derré J Guillou L Leroux A Ghnassia JP Collin F Pedeutour F Aurias A 《The Journal of pathology》2004,203(3):822-830
Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma (inflammatory MFH) is a very rare tumour that occurs most often in the retroperitoneum. So far, it has been considered to be a special subtype of MFH. As it is now widely accepted that most retroperitoneal pleomorphic MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas, the present study compared histological features, genomic profile (CGH analysis), and MDM2 and CDK4 status (immunohistochemistry, FISH, and quantitative PCR) in inflammatory MFHs from 12 patients and dedifferentiated liposarcomas that had an inflammatory MFH component from eight patients. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analyses were also performed on one inflammatory MFH. Histological review showed areas of well-differentiated liposarcoma in nine inflammatory MFHs. CGH analysis showed 12q13-15 amplification or gain in six of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of tumour cells for MDM2 in every tumour in both groups and for CDK4 in ten and seven inflammatory MFHs and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, respectively. Metaphase cytogenetic and FISH analysis performed on one inflammatory MFH showed the presence of a supernumerary large marker chromosome and ring chromosome with high-level amplification of both MDM2 and CDK4 genes. FISH analysis on paraffin wax-embedded sections showed amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4 in seven of seven inflammatory MFHs and in seven of seven dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Quantitative PCR showed amplification of MDM2 in six and of CDK4 in seven of nine inflammatory MFHs. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that most so-called inflammatory MFHs are dedifferentiated liposarcomas. 相似文献
4.
Autosome and Sex Chromosome Diversity Among the African Pygmy Mice, Subgenus Nannomys (Murinae; Mus)
Frédéric Veyrunes Josette Catalan Bruno Sicard Terence J. Robinson Jean-Marc Duplantier Laurent Granjon Gauthier Dobigny Janice Britton-Davidian 《Chromosome research》2004,12(4):369-382
The African pygmy mice, subgenus Nannomys, constitute the most speciose lineage of the genus Mus with 19 recognized species. Although morphologically very similar, they exhibit considerable chromosomal diversity which is here confirmed and extended by the G-banding analysis of 65 mice from West and South Africa. On the basis of their karyotype and distribution area, the specimens were assigned to at least five species. Extensive differentiation both within and between species was observed that involved almost exclusively Robertsonian translocations, 23 of which are newly described. Two of the rearrangements were sex chromosome-autosome translocations, associated in some cases with partial deletions of the X or Y chromosomes. Several authors have predicted that the highly deleterious effect of this rearrangement would be reduced if the sex and autosomal segments were insulated by a block of centromeric heterochromatin. The C-banding analyses performed showed that among the species carrying X-autosome translocations, one followed the expected pattern, while the other did not. In this case, functional isolation of the sex and autosome compartments must involve other repetitive sequences or genomic traits that require further molecular characterization. Such studies will provide insight into the causes and consequences of the high diversity of sex chromosome rearrangements in this subgenus. 相似文献
5.
Roland Berger Josette Hillion Daniel Janvier Zhu Chen Annette Bussel 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》1993,70(2):125-126
A t(8;21)(q22;q22) without blood and bone marrow invasion by immature myeloid precursor cells occurred in a patient previously treated for polycythemia vera. The presence of a molecular rearrangement confirmed that the chromosomal abnormality was identical to that observed in acute leukemia with t(8;21). This case shows that the translocation, t(8;21), may occur in myelodysplasia and suggests that it can precede the appearance of overt leukemia. 相似文献
6.
Ranty ML Michot C Le Pessot F Simonet J Defives T Metayer J 《Annales de pathologie》2003,23(2):173-176
Bone vascular tumors are very rare. Epithelioid types are described according to their architecture, their degree of vascular differentiation, and their cytonuclear atypia. The include epithelioid hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. We report a case of L4 corpus vertebral bone epithelioid hemangioma. The patient was a 25-year-old man with a tumor that recurred twice. The lesion was characterized by a vascular lumen lined by cells with regular nuclei and inflammatory infiltrates. Capillaries were lined by prominent epithelioid endothelial cells, associated with CD31+ and cytokeratin-. 相似文献
7.
J Roger Guard Ralph F Brueggemann Robert F Highsmith Stephen A Marine Josette R Riep Leslie C Schick 《Academic medicine》2005,80(11):1032-1038
The academic health center information environment is saturated with information of varying quality and overwhelming quantity. The most significant challenge is transforming data and information into knowledge. The University of Cincinnati Medical Center's (UCMC) focus is to develop an information architecture comprising data structures, Web services, and user interfaces that enable individuals to manage the information overload so that they can create new knowledge. UCMC has accomplished much of what is reported in this article with the help of a four-year Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) operation grant awarded by the National Library of Medicine in 2003. In the UCMC vision for knowledge management, individuals have reliable, secure access to information that is filtered, organized, and highly relevant for specific tasks and personal needs. Current applications and tool sets will evolve to become the next generation knowledge management applications or smart digital services. When smart digital services are implemented, silo applications will disappear. A major focus of UCMC's IAIMS grant is research administration. Testing and building out existing and new research administration applications and digital services is underway. The authors review UCMC's progress and results in developing a software architecture, tools, and services for research administration. Included are sections on the evolution to full integration, the impact of the work at UCMC to date, lessons learned during this research and development process, and future plans and needs. 相似文献
8.
Studies of functional plasticity after pre- or perinatal brain damage can tell us whether the neural substrate normally involved in the development of a given ability is specific and, if so, when it becomes functionally specified and unique. Development of face processing was investigated in 5- to 17-year-old children who had a unilateral brain injury in the pre-, peri-, or postnatal period. In Studies 1 and 2, patients with a posterior injury involving the temporal regions exhibited a face-processing deficit that was independent of their age at test time. Even though differences were observed between the two hemispheres in face processing during infancy as well as in adults in cases of normal development, no clear differences between right and left injury were observed here in face-processing deficit. Poor postlesional face-processing plasticity seems to contrast with results of several studies on speech development after early unilateral injury. If the difference in the time window for postlesional plasticity between these two areas of competency is confirmed, it would suggest that the two kinds of abilities rely on neural cells which are sensitive to different plasticity factors. 相似文献
9.
Xavier Sastre‐Garau Jrme Couturier Josette Derr Alain Aurias Jerzy Klijanienko Ral Lagac 《The Journal of pathology》2002,196(1):97-102
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) were initially considered to be benign reactive processes, but cases with an unfavourable outcome have been reported. Moreover, clonal genetic alterations have recently been published in some cases, suggesting that IMT may represent a malignant neoplastic entity. This paper reports a case of IMT that developed in the mammary gland, an unusual site. The histological picture was characterized by a proliferation of spindle cells with little cellular atypia and rare mitoses, associated with a polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate. Their immunophenotype, characterized by the expression of vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and cytokeratins, corresponded to that of myofibroblasts. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the clonal nature of the lesion. The modal karyotype was 48, X, ins(2;X)(q34;p21.2p22.2), +7, del(9)(p23), +19. Including the present observation, a 9p deletion has now been found in three cases of IMT. These observations show that IMT may be a clonal neoplasm, even in sites different from deep soft tissues. 相似文献
10.
Glutamate receptor subunits are altered in forebrain and cerebellum in rats chronically exposed to the NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phencyclidine (PCP) is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype. It produces transient psychoses in normal individuals and exacerbates psychoses in schizophrenics. When administered to rodents, PCP elicits stereotypic behaviors including unrelenting head swaying, hyperlocomotion, and social withdrawal. In this study, we examined the relative distribution of the NMDA receptor subunits, as well as the subunits of its modulating receptor, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) in the forebrain, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats chronically exposed to PCP. Rats were injected for 30 days with PCP (10 mg/kg) and age/sex-matched controls were injected for 30 days with saline vehicle. Brain NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit distribution patterns and protein levels were then analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Chronic PCP-treated animals showed significant alterations in glutamate receptor subunits, particularly for the NR1, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D components of the NMDA receptor. AMPA receptor subunits demonstrated few significant changes in subunit availabilities. Western blot analysis largely confirmed the immunocytochemical findings. These results support the conclusion that subunits of the NMDA receptor are selectively altered by chronic PCP antagonism, with minimal to no changes observed in AMPA receptor subunits. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that a dysfunctional NMDA receptor complex may mediate abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and potentially contribute to the complex etiology of cognitive disorders. 相似文献