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排序方式: 共有178条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
1.
Bartkova J Rajpert-De Meyts E Skakkebaek NE Lukas J Bartek J 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2003,111(1):252-266
Deregulated cell cycle and defective genome-integrity checkpoints are among the hallmarks of cancer.Here we summarize our recent studies of key components of the GI/S machinery in normal human spermatogenesis, and their abnormalities in testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), with special emphasis on carcinoma in situ lesions (CIS). Our combined immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses of normal human adult and fetal testes, CIS, seminomas, embryonal carcinomas, and teratomas, revealed an 'unorthodox' spectrum of defects within the so-called RB pathway in TGCTs. The early aberrations included lack of expression of the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor (pRB) and the CDK inhibitor pl9ink4d, and overexpression of cyclin D2. Progression from CIS to invasive TGCTswas associated with loss of another two CDK inhibitors and tumour suppressors: pl6ink4a and pl8ink4c. We also found the lack of pRB and pl9ink4d in fetal gonocytes, the candidate target cell for all types of TGCTs. These findings, together with the status of the Chk2-p53 DNA-integrity checkpoint, are considered in relation to the origin, biology and pathogenesis of TGCTs, and potential implications of the GI/S defects for the curability of these tumours. 相似文献
2.
Brazova J Sediva A Pospisilova D Vavrova V Pohunek P Macek M Bartunkova J Lauschmann H 《Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)》2005,115(2):210-215
The previously observed occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in patients who have cystic fibrosis (CF), together with the reported decrease in IgG2, a Th1-controlled isotype, suggests a potential for Th1/Th2 imbalance in CF patients with a possible Th2 predominance. 48 CF patients and 16 controls had levels of IFNgamma, IL-4, and IL-10 measured in supernatants of whole blood cell cultures stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemaglutinine (PHA). The patients were divided into 2 groups: "low responders", having negligible secretion of cytokines (IFNgamma: 10.0-200.0 pg/ml, IL-4: 0.0-0.3 pg/ml) and "high responders", producing high levels of both IFNgamma (500.0-2000.0 pg/ml) and IL-4 (1.0-200.0 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) deterioration of lung function measured by an FEV(1) decline by 11.2% over 3 years in the "low responder" group. 10 of 16 "low responders" had chronic lung infections with P. aeruginosa while such infection was less prevalent in the "high responder" group where only 13 of 32 CF patients had positive cultures. A shift towards Th2 response was observed in the "high responder" group as children chronically infected with P. aeruginosa had greater IL-4 production than non-infected CF patients within the same cohort. ANCA autoantibodies were found only in the "high responder" group. Th2 immune response predominance in a subset of CF patients is associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infection. 相似文献
3.
Magdalena Hodkova Sylvie Dusilova-Sulkova Marta Kalousova Jirina Soukupova Tomas Zima Dana Mikova 《Renal failure》2013,35(5):395-399
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral vitamin E therapy on serum concentrations of several markers of micro-inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods. 29 HD patients were randomized into two groups: 15 patients were treated orally with 400mg of vitamin E daily for a period of five weeks, and 14 patients received no antioxidant supplementation. Before and after vitamin E therapy, serum concentrations of vitamin E (high-performance liquid chromatography), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (immunochemical – TRACE assay), C-reactive protein (nephelometry), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ELISA), and E-selectin (ELISA) were measured. HD patients were compared with 16 healthy controls. Results. Baseline serum concentrations of PAPP-A and CRP were significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy controls (PAPP-A: 26.23±11.94 vs. 11.41±1.94 mIU/L, p<0.001; CRP: 5.20±3.50 vs. 3.40±3.80 mg/L, p<0.05). After five weeks of oral vitamin E intake, serum PAPP-A, CRP, ICAM-1, and E-selectin concentrations remained unchanged in both groups of HD patients. Conclusion. Chronic micro-inflammation in HD patients is documented by the elevation of CRP and PAPP-A. A daily oral dose of 400 mg of vitamin E does not seem to be able to reduce enhanced oxidative stress and micro-inflammation in chronic HD patients. 相似文献
4.
Tlaskalova-Hogenova H Tuckova L Mestecky J Kolinska J Rossmann P Stepankova R Kozakova H Hudcovic T Hrncir T Frolova L Kverka M 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》2005,62(Z1):106-113
Organisms live in continuos interaction with their environment; this interaction is of vital importance but at the same time can be life threatening. The largest and most important interface between the organism and its environment is represented by surfaces covered with epithelial cells. Of these surfaces, mucosae comprise in humans approximately 300 m2, and the skin covers approximately 1.8 m2 surface of the human body. Mucosal tissues contain two effector arms of the immune system, innate and adaptive, which operate in synergy. Interaction with commensal bacteria, which outnumber the nucleated cells of our body, occurs physiologically on epithelial surfaces; this interaction could pose the risk of inflammation. The mucosal immune system has developed a complex network of regulatory signalling cascades that is a prerequisite for proper activation but also for a timely inactivation of the pathway. As demonstrated in gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases, impaired regulation of mucosal responses to commensal bacteria plays an important role in the development of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
5.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis associated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in HT-29 colon cancer cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known for its selective cytotoxic activity on tumour cells. We analysed the response of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to this cytokine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After TNF-alpha treatment, cell proliferation, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (flow cytometry), the amount of apoptotic cells (flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy), cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activity (Western blotting) were detected. RESULTS: TNF-alpha induced a decrease of cell growth and viability, an accumulation of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, an increase of subdiploid cell population and nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation, but not sooner than 96-120 hours. However, earlier events characteristic of apoptosis occurred, such as caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage to 89 kDa fragment and changes in ROS production. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that, in addition to being an early marker of apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and degradation of PARP may play a causative role in HT-29 cell death induced by TNF-alpha. 相似文献
6.
A. Piepsz I. Gordon K. Hahn J. Kolinska J. Kotzerke R. Sixt 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1993,20(3):244-248
A multicentre European study was undertaken in order to determine a reasonable algorithm allowing the determination of overall technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine clearance using a single blood sample. Employing multiple blood sample clearance as a reference method, it was shown that an acceptable estimation of the MAG3 renal clearance could be obtained using a blood sample taken at any time between 30 and 40 min after tracer injection. After correction for body surface area, comparison of clearance determined using (a) the single blood sample and (b) the multiple blood samples provided a coefficient of correlation of 0.949 and an SEE of 27 ml/min. This algorithm is valid for clearance values higher than 100 ml/min/1.73 m2 and for children older than 1 year of age. 相似文献
7.
Commensal bacteria (normal microflora), mucosal immunity and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Tlaskalová-Hogenová H Stepánková R Hudcovic T Tucková L Cukrowska B Lodinová-Zádníková R Kozáková H Rossmann P Bártová J Sokol D Funda DP Borovská D Reháková Z Sinkora J Hofman J Drastich P Kokesová A 《Immunology letters》2004,93(2-3):97-108
Commensal microflora (normal microflora, indigenous microbiota) consists of those micro-organisms, which are present on body surfaces covered by epithelial cells and are exposed to the external environment (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, vagina, skin, etc.). The number of bacteria colonising mucosal and skin surfaces exceeds the number of cells forming human body. Commensal bacteria co-evolved with their hosts, however, under specific conditions they are able to overcome protective host responses and exert pathologic effects. Resident bacteria form complex ecosystems, whose diversity is enormous. The most abundant microflora is present in the distal parts of the gut; the majority of the intestinal bacteria are Gram-negative anaerobes. More than 50% of intestinal bacteria cannot be cultured by conventional microbiological techniques. Molecular biological methods help in analysing the structural and functional complexity of the microflora and in identifying its components. Resident microflora contains a number of components able to activate innate and adaptive immunity. Unlimited immune activation in response to signals from commensal bacteria could pose the risk of inflammation; immune responses to mucosal microbiota therefore require a precise regulatory control. The mucosal immune system has developed specialised regulatory, anti-inflammatory mechanisms for eliminating or tolerating non-dangerous, food and airborne antigens and commensal micro-organisms (oral, mucosal tolerance). However, at the same time the mucosal immune system must provide local defense mechanisms against environmental threats (e.g. invading pathogens). This important requirement is fulfilled by several mechanisms of mucosal immunity: strongly developed innate defense mechanisms ensuring appropriate function of the mucosal barrier, existence of unique types of lymphocytes and their products, transport of polymeric immunoglobulins through epithelial cells into secretions (sIgA) and migration and homing of cells originating from the mucosal organised tissues in mucosae and exocrine glands. The important role of commensal bacteria in development of optimally functioning mucosal immune system was demonstrated in germ-free animals (using gnotobiological techniques). Involvement of commensal microflora and its components with strong immunoactivating properties (e.g. LPS, peptidoglycans, superantigens, bacterial DNA, Hsp) in etiopathogenetic mechanism of various complex, multifactorial and multigenic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, allergy, multiorgan failure, colon cancer has been recently suggested. Animal models of human diseases reared in defined gnotobiotic conditions are helping to elucidate the aetiology of these frequent disorders. An improved understanding of commensal bacteria-host interactions employing germ-free animal models with selective colonisation strategies combined with modern molecular techniques could bring new insights into the mechanisms of mucosal immunity and also into pathogenetic mechanisms of several infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Regulation of microflora composition (e.g. by probiotics and prebiotics) offers the possibility to influence the development of mucosal and systemic immunity but it can play a role also in prevention and treatment of some diseases. 相似文献
8.
Kalousová M Zima T Popov P Spacek P Braun M Soukupová J Pelinkova K Kientsch-Engel R 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》2004,39(4):316-320
Aims: The aim of our study was to determine serum levels ofadvanced glycation end-products (AGE) in patients with chronicalcohol misuse and to examine their relationship to markersof nutrition and inflammation. Methods: The study group consistedof 23 heavy alcohol drinkers treated for chronic alcohol misuseand 22 healthy controls. Studied parameters included AGE (fluorescence,CML carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine), lipids, glucose,albumin, leptin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and pregnancy-associatedplasma protein A (PAPP-A). Results: AGE fluorescence was significantlyhigher in chronic alcoholic patients than in healthy subjects(4.3 ± 0.7 x 103 vs 3.7 ± 0.5 x 103 AU/g protein,P < 0.005), while CML was only slightly but not significantlyelevated (569.1 ± 106.6 vs 545.5 ± 85.8 µg/l)and pentosidine levels did not differ (105.4 ± 29 vs102.2 ± 23 nmol/l). In alcoholics, AGE correlate significantlynegatively with leptin (r = 0.46, P < 0.05) and pentosidinewith prealbumin (r = 0.43, P < 0.05), otherwise therewas no relationship between AGE and other biochemical parameters(glucose, cholesterol, albumin, CRP, PAPP-A). Conclusion: Ourfindings suggest a more complex relationship among advancedglycation, oxidative stress and metabolism of ethanol and theirlink to nutrition and nutrition-associated parameters. AGE asa result of oxidative stress might be similarly linked to increasedcardiovascular risk of heavy alcohol drinkers, as are malnutritionand inflammation; however, further studies are needed to confirmthis hypothesis. 相似文献
9.
The presence of more than one dental alloy in the oral cavity often causes pathological galvanic currents and voltage. Due to various and multi-faceted symptomathology, they tend to be a source of significant problems not only for the patient but also for the attending dentist. Very discreet and uncharacteristically objective diagnosis during a regular examination frequently causes this state to be ascribed to a completely different illness. 相似文献
10.
We explore psychometric characteristics of a modified version of the Cloninger's personality questionnaire, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) in a 200-subject sample. This sample was stratified in accordance with the Czech population. We performed principal component analyses and explored the factorial structure of the questionnaire, to establish internal consistency of each dimension. The factorial structure of the TCI-R was well defined for temperament, but not for character. A robust factor was obtained for Persistence. All dimensions obtained higher alpha Cronbach coefficients with the TCI-R than with the TCI. There were high reliability coefficients in test-retest for TCI-R and lower for TCI/TCI-R were found. Significant correlations were obtained between age and NS, RD and SD. The TCI-R seems to have similar psychometric characteristics to TCI, with significant improvements in temperament factor structure and internal consistency of most dimensions. 相似文献