全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1224篇 |
免费 | 108篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 39篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 162篇 |
口腔科学 | 27篇 |
临床医学 | 127篇 |
内科学 | 308篇 |
皮肤病学 | 14篇 |
神经病学 | 140篇 |
特种医学 | 43篇 |
外国民族医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 141篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 63篇 |
眼科学 | 23篇 |
药学 | 64篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 158篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 64篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 44篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 73篇 |
2012年 | 71篇 |
2011年 | 94篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 44篇 |
2008年 | 69篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1342条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
E Maquarre C Artus Z Gadhoum C Jasmin F Smadja-Joffe J Robert-Lézénès 《Leukemia》2005,19(12):2296-2303
We have recently reported that ligation of the CD44 cell surface antigen with A3D8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) triggers incomplete differentiation and apoptosis of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived NB4 cells. The present study characterizes the mechanisms underlying the apoptotic effect of A3D8 in NB4 cells. We show that A3D8 induces activation of both initiator caspase-8 and -9 and effector caspase-3 and -7 but only inhibition of caspase-3/7 and caspase-8 reduces A3D8-induced apoptosis. Moreover, A3D8 induces mitochondrial alterations (decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential DeltaPsi m and cytochrome c release), which are reduced by caspase-8 inhibitor, suggesting that caspase-8 is primarily involved in A3D8-induced apoptosis of NB4 cells. However, the apoptotic process is independent of TNF-family death receptor signalling. Interestingly, the general serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) decreases A3D8-induced apoptosis and when combined with general caspase inhibitor displays an additive effect resulting in complete prevention of apoptosis. These results suggest that both caspase-dependent and serine protease-dependent pathways contribute to A3D8-induced apoptosis. Finally, A3D8 induces apoptosis in all-trans-retinoic acid-resistant NB4-derived cells and in APL primary blasts, characterizing the A3D8 anti-CD44 mAb as a novel class of apoptosis-inducing agent in APL. 相似文献
3.
Walter S Speidl Markus Exner Jasmin Amighi Wolfgang Mlekusch Schila Sabeti Stefan P Kastl Gerlinde Zorn Gerald Maurer Oswald Wagner Kurt Huber Erich Minar Johann Wojta Martin Schillinger 《Journal of endovascular therapy》2007,14(1):62-69
PURPOSE: To investigate whether balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) increases serum levels of C5a and whether C5a predicts risk of restenosis. METHODS: C5a antigen was measured at baseline and 8 hours after intervention in 131 consecutive patients (76 women; median age 72 years) with intermittent claudication who underwent successful primary SFA balloon angioplasty. Patients were followed for a median 10 months [interquartile range (IQR) 6 to 14] for the occurrence of >50% restenosis by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: Median C5a levels increased significantly from 39.7 ng/mL (IQR 27.8 to 55.0) at baseline to 53.8 ng/mL (IQR 35.6 to 85.1, p<0.001) 8 hours post intervention. During the follow-up period, 70 (53%) patients developed restenosis. Increasing levels of C5a (quartiles) at baseline were significantly associated with an increased risk for restenosis (p=0.0092). Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for restenosis with increasing quartiles of baseline serum C5a levels were 1.24 (0.60 to 2.58), 1.93 (0.95 to 3.93), and 2.08 (1.02 to 4.21), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. This effect was independent of nonspecific inflammation as reflected by plasma levels of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mechanisms play a major role in the development of restenosis after angioplasty. The complement component C5a exerts strong chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. Enhanced complement activation prior to PTA, as measured by higher levels of C5a, was significantly associated with restenosis after SFA balloon angioplasty. Pathways of complement inhibition thus may be worth investigating with respect to improving patency rates. 相似文献
4.
Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on Function of Automated External Defibrillators 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Roman Fleischhackl MD Florian Singer MD Wolfgang Nitsche PhD MSc Eng Guenther Gamperl MSc Engineering Bernhard Roessler MD Jasmin Arrich MD Sabine Fleischhackl MD Heidrun Losert MD Fritz Sterz MD Martina Mittlboeck PhD MSc Klaus Hoerauf PhD MD 《Academic emergency medicine》2006,13(1):1-6
Objectives: In this study, the authors tested whether electromagnetic interference (EMI) is able to impair correct electrocardiogram analysis and produce false‐positive shock advice from automated external defibrillators (AEDs) when the true rhythm is sinus. Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects were used to test five AEDs available on the Austrian market in a prospective, open, and sequence‐randomized study. The primary outcome variable was the absolute number of shocks advised in the presence of EMI. The secondary outcome was the number of impaired analyses caused by incorrectly detected patient movements or electrode failure. Results: Of 760 tests run, 18 (2.37%) cases of false‐positive results occurred, and two of five AEDs recommended shocks in the presence of sinus rhythm. Of 760 tests run, no electrode failures occurred. There were 27 occurrences (3.55%) of motion detected by an AED in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. Conclusions: AED models differ in their response to EMI; it may be useful to consider specific safety requirements for areas with such fields present. Working personnel and emergency medical services staff should be informed about potential risks and the possible need for patient evacuation before AEDs are attached and shock recommendations are followed. 相似文献
5.
Golgi apparatus in chick skeletal muscle: changes in its distribution during end plate development and after denervation. 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22 下载免费PDF全文
B J Jasmin J Cartaud M Bornens J P Changeux 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1989,86(18):7218-7222
In the course of studies about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of motor end plate formation, the distribution of the Golgi apparatus (GA) has been investigated by immunofluorescence methods in chick skeletal muscle in primary culture and in innervated muscles of 15-day-old chicks. By using a monoclonal antibody directed against the GA, we confirmed the known distribution of the GA in myogenic cells: a juxtanuclear polarized organization in myoblasts and a perinuclear nonpolarized distribution in myotubes. In contrast, the innervated anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of "young adult" chicks displayed a focal distribution of GA that appeared restricted to areas located underneath the motor end plates identified by alpha-bungarotoxin fluorescent labeling of the acetylcholine receptor. Five days after denervation of anterior latissimus dorsi muscle, a striking reorganization and expansion of the GA was observed. The GA now showed a perinuclear distribution in close association with every nucleus of the muscle fibers as observed in myotubes. The focal distribution of the GA in innervated muscle fibers and its remodeling upon denervation are interpreted in terms of a model of local synthesis, processing, and routing of acetylcholine receptor to the end plate and of regulation of these processes by functional motor innervation. 相似文献
6.
7.
Grisk O Lother U Gabriëls G Rettig R 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2005,449(4):364-371
Renal transplantation experiments have shown that the kidney contributes to chronic sympathectomy-induced arterial pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The underlying mechanisms are currently unclear but may include alterations in the function of small renal arteries. Neonatal SHR were sympathectomized by intraperitoneal guanethidine injections and removal of adrenal medullary tissue. Controls were sham- or hydralazine-treated. At 12 weeks of age, distal interlobar artery segments were investigated using small-vessel wire myography. Vessels from sympathectomized animals showed increased sensitivity to noradrenaline (NE). Vasopressin- and endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction was similar in all groups (as reflected by the pD2, i.e. –logEC50, where EC50 is the molar concentration of agonist eliciting a half-maximal response). Maximum vasopressin-induced tension was similar in all groups while endothelin-1-induced maximum tension was significantly higher in sympathectomized than in sham-treated SHR. The sensitivity of NE-induced vasoconstriction to extracellular Ca2+ did not differ between groups while sensitivity to L-type Ca2+ channel activation was significantly higher in both sympathectomized and hydralazine-treated animals than in sham-treated animals. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation were similar in all groups. Sequential blockade of NO-synthase and cyclooxygenase had similar effects in all groups. In conclusion, neonatal sympathectomy does not induce any changes in the function of isolated proximal renal resistance arteries from SHR that could explain the blood pressure lowering effect of a kidney graft from sympathectomized SHR. 相似文献
8.
Jasmin Shen Robert Brackett Thomas Fischer Alan Holder Frank Kellogg J. Gabriel Michael 《Infection and immunity》1981,32(2):967-968
Immunoglobulin E antibodies to Psuedomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated in patients with cystic fibrosis colonized with the bacterium. 相似文献
9.
10.
Marysol Luna Jason D Guss Laura S Vasquez-Bolanos Macy Castaneda Manuela Vargas Rojas Jasmin M Strong Denise A Alabi Sophie D Dornevil Jacob C Nixon Erik A Taylor Eve Donnelly Xueyan Fu M Kyla Shea Sarah L Booth Rodrigo Bicalho Christopher J Hernandez 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2021,36(9):1823-1834
Modifications to the constituents of the gut microbiome influence bone density and tissue-level strength, but the specific microbial components that influence tissue-level strength in bone are not known. Here, we selectively modify constituents of the gut microbiota using narrow-spectrum antibiotics to identify components of the microbiome associated with changes in bone mechanical and material properties. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks) were divided into seven groups (n = 7–10/group) and had taxa within the gut microbiome removed through dosing with: (i) ampicillin; (ii) neomycin; (iii) vancomycin; (iv) metronidazole; (v) a cocktail of all four antibiotics together (with zero-calorie sweetener to ensure intake); (vi) zero-calorie sweetener only; or (vii) no additive (untreated) for 12 weeks. Individual antibiotics remove only some taxa from the gut, while the cocktail of all four removes almost all microbes. After accounting for differences in geometry, whole bone strength was reduced in animals with gut microbiome modified by neomycin (−28%, p = 0.002) and was increased in the group in which the gut microbiome was altered by sweetener alone (+39%, p < 0.001). Analysis of the fecal microbiota detected seven lower-ranked taxa differentially abundant in animals with impaired tissue-level strength and 14 differentially abundant taxa associated with increased tissue-level strength. Histological and serum markers of bone turnover and trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) did not differ among groups. These findings demonstrate that modifications to the taxonomic components of the gut microbiome have the potential to decrease or increase tissue-level strength of bone independent of bone quantity and without noticeable changes in bone turnover. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献