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排序方式: 共有356条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Incidence and trends in incidence of definite hypertension were analyzed based on 30 years follow-up of 5,209 subjects in the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Based on pooling of 15 two-year periods, hypertension incidence per biennium increased with age in men from 3.3 per cent at ages 30-39 to 6.2 per cent at ages 70-79, and in women from 1.5 per cent at ages 30-39 to 8.6 per cent at ages 70-79. No consistent trend in incidence rates was evident for either sex from the 1950s through the 1970s. The proportion of hypertensive subjects receiving antihypertensive medication has increased since 1954-58 and exceeded 80 per cent for both men and women ages 60-89 years in 1979-81. Incidence data presented in this report may serve as a baseline for assessing the impact of future public health efforts in the primary prevention of hypertension. 相似文献
2.
A L Dannenberg T R Coté M J Kresnow J J Sacks C M Lipsitz E R Schmidt 《Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)》1993,108(2):212-217
Most of the nearly 1,000 fatal bicycle-related injuries annually could be prevented if riders used safety helmets. Helmet use by adult bicyclists has received relatively little attention because educational campaigns to promote helmet use generally focus on children. Helmet use by adult and child bicyclists at 120 suburban and rural sites in three Maryland counties was observed on two Saturdays in 1990-91 during an evaluation of the impact of a mandatory helmet law. Concordance or discordance of helmet use within various groups of bicyclists--adults only, adults with children, and children only--was recorded. Helmet use among 2,068 adult bicyclists was 49 percent, 51 percent, and 74 percent in the three counties. In two counties combined, 52 percent (365 of 706) of solo adult bicyclists wore helmets compared with only 5 percent (5 of 94) of solo child bicyclists (P < .001). Helmet use or nonuse was concordant among 87 percent of 277 adult-adult pairs, 94 percent of 50 child-child pairs, and 91 percent of 32 adult-child pairs of bicyclists observed. Concordance rates of helmet use or nonuse were similarly high among pairs of adult bicyclists of the same or mixed sexes. These data are consistent with the concept that both adults and children tend to adopt the helmet-wearing behaviors of their companions. Public health efforts focused on adults should encourage helmet use by adult bicyclists both to prevent head injuries and to provide a role model for children. 相似文献
3.
Henryk Barthel Michael Wiener Claudia Dannenberg Simone Bettin Bernhard Sattler Wolfram H. Knapp 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1997,24(10):1245-1252
This study addresses the question of whether the normal range for distribution of local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) in adults
can be transferred to the 4- to 15-year-old age group. Twenty-three children (age: 4–15 years; mean 11±3 years, group I) and
10 adults (age: 27–56 years; mean 45±10 years, group II) without evidence of cerebrovascular disease or other brain diseases
underwent technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission tomography. Counts in cortical and subcortical regions
of interest (ROIs) were related to those in cerebellar ROIs (= 100%). Relative cortical activity in group I exceeded that
in group II, particularly in left parietal (107.6%±9.8% vs 84.1%±12.4%), left frontal (97.7%±6.7% vs 79.4%±8.9%) and left
temporal areas (99.7%±7.4% vs 84.9%±10.1%) and in the cingulate cortex (112.1%±9.1% vs 95.9%±10.1%, P<0.05). Cerebral activity uptake per injected dose was inversely correlated with age in 19 children of group I (r = –0.77, P<0.001). In group I, there was also an inverse correlation between age and the relative local count density in the parietal
(r = –0.42 to –0.57), frontal (r = –0.48), temporal (r = –0.42 to –0.58) and occipital cortex (r = –0.44). In these cortical regions relative counts differed when subgroups of children aged 4–10 and 11–15 years were analysed.
It is concluded that there are systematic differences between 4- to 15-year-old children and adults with regard to normal
lCBF. Diagnostic use of perfusion agents has to consider age-adjusted normal flow maps; normal ranges should be determined
separately for the age groups 4–10 and 11–15 years.
Received 23 March and in revised form 11 July 1997 相似文献
4.
Head injuries incurred by children and young adults during informal recreation. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
S P Baker C Fowler G Li M Warner A L Dannenberg 《American journal of public health》1994,84(4):649-652
To examine injuries related to playground equipment, children's vehicles, roller skates, and skateboards, 1991 data on emergency room patients younger than 25 years in the Consumer Product Safety Commission's 91 surveillance hospitals were used. Head injury was the primary diagnosis for an estimated 58,480 patients, exceeding the total number of head injuries to bicyclists younger than 25 years. The head injury rate decreased with age. The large number and high rate of head injuries in children involved in a variety of recreational activities suggests the value of multipurpose helmets. 相似文献
5.
Macrophage Accumulation, Division, Maturation and Digestive and Microbicidal Capacities in Tuberculous Lesions: I. Studies Involving their Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine and their Content of Lysosomal Enzymes and Bacilli 总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Kiyoshi Shima Arthur M. Dannenberg Jr Masayuki Ando Saroj Chandrasekhar Judith A. Seluzicki Jacob I. Fabrikant 《The American journal of pathology》1972,67(1):159-180
Dermal and pulmonary tuberculous lesions were produced in rabbits with BCG, biopsied, incubated in vitro with tritiated thymidine (3HT) under hyperbaric oxygen, quickly frozen, sectioned in a cryostat, stained for the lysosomal enzyme β-galactosidase, autoradiographed, stained for acid-fast bacilli and counterstained with hematoxylin. As macrophages developed into epithelioid cells, they could still divide—ie, incorporate 3HT. However, once they became fully mature epithelioid cells that were 4-plus in β-galactosidase, they could not do so. Tuberclebacilli did not stimulate macrophage division. On the contrary, macrophages containing bacilli did not divide, except when the lesions began. During the development of tuberculous lesions, macrophages (including those rich in enzymes and those containing bacilli) died, forming caseous centers. Therefore, local cell division did not seem to be the main mechanism by which macrophages reduced their bacillary load. Such division seemed mainly to occur in young macrophages that had recently immigrated into the lesions from the bloodstream and had not yet ingested bacilli. 相似文献
6.
Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause various spectrums of disease in the rabbit model of tuberculosis 下载免费PDF全文
Manabe YC Dannenberg AM Tyagi SK Hatem CL Yoder M Woolwine SC Zook BC Pitt ML Bishai WR 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(10):6004-6011
The rabbit model of tuberculosis has been used historically to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis based on their relative virulence in this animal host. M. tuberculosis infection in market rabbits is cleared over time, whereas infection with M. bovis results in chronic, progressive, cavitary disease leading to death. Because of the innate resistance of commercial rabbits to M. tuberculosis, 320 to 1,890 log-phase, actively growing inhaled bacilli were required to form one grossly visible pulmonary tubercle at 5 weeks. The range of inhaled doses required to make one tubercle allows us to determine the relative pathogenicities of different strains. Fewer inhaled organisms of the M. tuberculosis Erdman strain were required than of M. tuberculosis H37Rv to produce a visible lesion at 5 weeks. Furthermore, with the Erdman strain, only 7 of 15 rabbits had healed lesions at 16 to 18 weeks; among the other animals, two had chronic, progressive cavitary disease, a phenotype usually seen only with M. bovis infection. Genotypic investigation of the Erdman strain with an H37Rv-based microarray identified gene differences in the RD6 region. Southern blot and PCR structural genetic analysis showed significant differences between M. tuberculosis strains in this region. Correlation of the relative pathogenicity, including disease severity, in the rabbit model with the strain genotype may help identify stage-specific M. tuberculosis genes important in human disease. 相似文献
7.
Tissue-specific tumor suppressor activity of retinoblastoma gene homologs p107 and p130 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Dannenberg JH Schuijff L Dekker M van der Valk M te Riele H 《Genes & development》2004,18(23):2952-2962
The retinoblastoma gene family consists of three genes: RB, p107, and p130. While loss of pRB causes retinoblastoma in humans and pituitary gland tumors in mice, tumorigenesis in other tissues may be suppressed by p107 and p130. To test this hypothesis, we have generated chimeric mice from embryonic stem cells carrying compound loss-of-function mutations in the Rb gene family. We found that Rb/p107- and Rb/p130-deficient mice were highly cancer prone. We conclude that in a variety of tissues tumor development by loss of pRB is suppressed by its homologs p107 and p130. The redundancy of the retinoblastoma proteins in vivo is reflected by the behavior of Rb-family-defective mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. 相似文献
8.
The Role of Cathepsin D in the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis: A Histochemical Study Employing Unlabeled Antibodies and the Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Complex 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Oscar Rojas-Espinosa Arthur M. Dannenberg Jr Ludwig A. Sternberger Tomiyasu Tsuda 《The American journal of pathology》1974,74(1):1-17
Cathepsin D was visualized in free pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), in oil-induced peritoneal macrophages (MN) and in rabbit pulmonary and dermal BCG lesions with unlabeled antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complex. Large amounts of cathepsin D were present in AM and lower amounts in MN. In the lung this enzyme was richest in the alveolar macrophages that accumulated around the BCG lesions. In the dermal lesions, cathepsin D was in highest concentration in macrophages at the border of the necrotic (liquefying) centers. It was also found in high concentration in keratinizing cells of the dermal epithelium and hair follicles. It did not, however, increase appreciably in many of the activated macrophages that stained intensely for the lysosomal enzyme β-galactosidase. In fact, many epithelioid cells with high β-galactosidase activity contained no visible cathepsin D. This proteinase does not, therefore, seem to be primarily involved in the lymphocyte-mediated macrophage activation associated with acquired cellular resistance to tubercle bacilli. It is probably more involved with cell autolysis, with the digestion of ingested necrotic debris and, in all likelihood, with the process of liquefaction, the most adverse event in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in man. 相似文献
9.
Effects of dexamethasone and transient malnutrition on rabbits infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 下载免费PDF全文
Kesavan AK Mendez SE Hatem CL Lopez-Molina J Aird K Pitt ML Dannenberg AM Manabe YC 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(10):7056-7060
Malnutrition is common in the developing world, where tuberculosis is often endemic. Rabbits infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis that subsequently became inadvertently and transiently malnourished had compromised cell-mediated immunity comparable to that of the rabbits immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. They had significant leukopenia and reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. Malnutrition dampened cell-mediated immunity and would interfere with diagnostic tests that rely on intact CD4 T-cell responses. 相似文献
10.
Els Robanus-Maandag Marleen Dekker Martin van der Valk Maria-Luisa Carrozza Jean-Claude Jeanny Jan-Hermen Dannenberg Anton Berns Hein te Riele 《Genes & development》1998,12(11):1599-1609
Hemizygosity for the retinoblastoma gene RB in man strongly predisposes to retinoblastoma. In the mouse, however, Rb hemizygosity leaves the retina normal, whereas in Rb−/− chimeras pRb-deficient retinoblasts undergo apoptosis. To test whether concomitant inactivation of the Rb-related gene p107 is required to unleash the oncogenic potential of pRb deficiency in the mouse retina, we inactivated both Rb and p107 by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and generated chimeric mice. Retinoblastomas were found in five out of seven adult pRb/p107-deficient chimeras. The retinal tumors showed amacrine cell differentiation, and therefore originated from cells committed to the inner but not the outer nuclear layer. Retinal lesions were already observed at embryonic day 17.5. At this stage, the primitive nuclear layer exhibited severe dysplasia, including rosette-like arrangements, and apoptosis. These findings provide formal proof for the role of loss of Rb in retinoblastoma development in the mouse and the first in vivo evidence that p107 can exert a tumor suppressor function. 相似文献