全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1717篇 |
免费 | 98篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 33篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 49篇 |
基础医学 | 418篇 |
口腔科学 | 39篇 |
临床医学 | 85篇 |
内科学 | 308篇 |
皮肤病学 | 22篇 |
神经病学 | 193篇 |
特种医学 | 33篇 |
外科学 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
预防医学 | 153篇 |
眼科学 | 37篇 |
药学 | 102篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 183篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 63篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 66篇 |
2010年 | 49篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 67篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 72篇 |
2004年 | 82篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 69篇 |
2000年 | 71篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1972年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 9篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 11篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1821条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Epidemiology of chlamydial eye diseases in a mixed rural/urban population of West Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
4260 conjunctival specimens of 2850 outpatients with keratoconjunctivitis of presumed infectious etiology were studied. Two thousand six hundred sixty-eight specimens (63%) revealed growth of bacteria, and 80 (2%) growth of fungi. One hundred ninety-nine specimens (5%) were McCoy cell culture or direct stain (monoclonal antibody or Giemsa) positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. two patients had a C. psittaci infection (ELISA techniques). In patients with keratoconjunctivitis of bacterial etiology, overall incidence of McCoy cell culture-proven chlamydial infections was 7%; in the 20 to 30-year age group it was 12.5%. Simultaneous infections of chlamydiae and other bacteria were seen in 34 patients. Since sensitive and specific tests to diagnose chlamydial infections are available, ophthalmologists may be able to prevent these infections by agent-specific antibiotic therapy. 相似文献
2.
Apolipoprotein E isoforms were determined in 139 unrelated patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). When compared to prevalence rates for the general population in Germany, an increased prevalence was observed for phenotypes E2/E2: 10.1 vs. 1.0% (p less than 0.001), E2/E3: 19.4 vs. 12.0% (p less than 0.05), and E2/E4: 5.8 vs. 1.5% (n.s.), while the prevalence appeared to be reduced for phenotypes E3/E3: 48.9 vs. 59.8% (n.s.) E3/E4: 13.7 vs. 22.9% (p less than 0.05), and E4/E4: 2.2 vs. 2.8% (n.s.). These findings suggest that genetically determined abnormalities of plasma lipoprotein metabolism may be associated with some forms of RP. 相似文献
3.
Q. Peng J. Moan Jahn M. Nesland Jan F. Evensen M. Kongshaug C. Rimington 《Lasers in medical science》1990,5(4):399-409
Observations on time-dependent localization of tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphin (3-THPP) in human malignant melanoma transplanted to athymic nude mice from 1 to 120 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) 10 mg kg–1 b.w. administration were made by means of fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence was found on the membrane of the melanoma cells and in the cytoplasm with a peak fluorescence intensity at 24 h post-injection of 3-THPP. The growth of the tumour cells was obviously inhibited at an early stage after PCT. Morphological changes of the tumour at various intervals after treatment by PCT with 3-THPP were also observed. Diffuse degeneration of the tumour cells with swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, heterochromatin aggregation and margination, etc., and subsequently diffuse necrosis with little or no the background of tumorous vascular response were found at an early stage after PCT. On the other hand, it was also observed that the necrosis of the melanoma areas was caused as a consequence of tumorous vascular injury at a later stage after PCT. Thus, two tumoricidal processes caused by PCT with 3-THPP were seen: a direct phototoxic action on tumour cells at an early stage after PCT and an indirect effect secondary to tumorous vascular injury at a later period after PCT. 相似文献
4.
To study the histology of erosive prepyloric changes (EPC), 5 bioptic specimens per examination were obtained from the prepyloric mucosa during 161 upper endoscopies in persons with and without EPC. The macroscopic erosions of EPC grade 3 were histologically verified in 88% of the cases. Histologically diagnosed erosions were always accompanied by an element of acute inflammation. The incidence of acute inflammation increased with increasing grades of EPC, from 5% in grade 0 and 1, through 26% in grade 2, to 96% in grade 3. The incidence of chronic inflammation was 0 in grade 0, 50% in grade 1, 46% in grade 2, and 90% in grade 3. On the whole, gastritis was found in 98% of the cases with EPC grade 3, as compared with approximately 50% in grades 2 and 1. Fibrosis was diagnosed in all the cases. The mean thickness of the foveolar layer increased with increasing grades of EPC, the values being significantly higher in grades 2 and 3 than in grade 0, with, however, considerable overlapping between groups. Cimetidine was found to have no effect on the histological features of chronic/acute inflammation and erosion. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
J. Kreuzer S. Denger A. Schmidts L. Jahn M. Merten E. von Hodenberg 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1996,74(3):161-165
The accumulation of blood monocytes at sites of predilection of the vessel wall is an early cellular event of atherogenesis. Proteins of the vessel wall may facilitate monocyte adhesion and thus promote their recruitment. It has been shown that the relative content of extracellular fibrinogen increases during lesion development, and this study investigated the contribution of immobilized fibrinogen to monocyte adhesion and the underlying mechanism. Freshly isolated human blood monocytes were cultivated in serum-free RPMI 1640 in tissue culture wells precoated with albumin, fibrinogen, or fibrin. After 16 h the plates were washed and adherent cells enumcrated. Immobilized fibrinogen enhanced monocyte adhesion more than 1.9-fold compared to immobilized albumin or fibrin (P<0.05). Concomitant addition of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors staurosporine or H7 suppressed monocyte adherence to immobilized fibrinogen but exerted no significant effect upon adhesion to any other surface tested. Stimulation of monocytes using phorbol myristate acetate resulted in increased binding of monocytes on fibrinogen but not on bovine serum albumin. When PKC activity was reduced through prolonged incubation with PMA for 16h, a significant reduction of monocyte adhesion on fibrinogen was observed. Peptides containing RGD sequences, which have been demonstrated to be ligands for certain integrins, did not inhibit monocyte adhesion. The data suggest that fibrinogen promotes monocyte adhesion in vitro by a PKC-dependent mechanism. PKC appears to be important not only for the initial cell adhesion but also for sustained binding of monocytes to fibrinogen.Abbreviations
BSA
Bovine serum albumin
-
ECM
Extracellular matrix
-
PKC
Protein kinase C
-
PMA
Phorbol myristate acetate 相似文献
9.
Pregnancy and breast cancer: a population-based study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Reed W Hannisdal E Skovlund E Thoresen S Lilleng P Nesland JM 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2003,443(1):44-50
The incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer, i.e. during pregnancy and lactation, and of pregnancy subsequent to a breast-cancer diagnosis will increase as more women choose childbearing at a later age. Few larger series are published on pregnancy-associated breast cancer. In a population-based study, we evaluated the outcome and prognostic factors in 173 breast-cancer patients. One hundred and twenty-two patients had pregnancy-associated breast cancer (20 coincident with pregnancy and 102 during lactation) and 51 patients had pregnancy subsequent to breast cancer. The median follow-up time was 151 months. Histopathological parameters and immunoreactivity for oestrogen and progesterone receptors c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-4 were studied. All three groups had tumours with high histological grade, low frequency of hormone receptors and high expression of c-erbB-2. The pregnancy and lactation groups were near identical with regard to all histopathological parameters and outcome. In the two pregnancy-associated breast-cancer groups, tumours were significantly larger, with more extensive lymph-node involvement. For node-negative tumours the respective 5- and 10-year survival rates were 62% and 50% in the pregnancy group and 60% and 50% in the lactation group. For node-positive tumours, respective 5- and 10-year survival rates were 50% and 34% in the pregnancy group and 50% and 33% in the lactation group. In the subsequent group, overall survival was high in both node-negative and -positive groups, with 5- and 10-year survival rates of 80% and 73% and 86% and 76%, respectively. Tumour size, lymph-node status, histological grade, progesterone receptor, oestrogen receptor and c-erbB-2 were significant prognostic factors in the pregnancy-associated breast-cancer patients. 相似文献
10.
Aasmund Berner Gry Geitvik Frank Karlsen Sophie D. Foss Jahn M. Nesland Anne-Lise B
Rresen 《The Journal of pathology》1995,176(3):299-308
The TP53 gene mutation pattern in prostatic cancer was examined in relation to progression and survival, using archival formalin-fixed pre-and post-treatment tumour specimens from 84 prostatic cancer patients. Thirty-four had hormone-sensitive tumours and 50 were hormone-resistant. Six of the 34 (18 per cent) therapy-responding tumours and 19 of the 50 (38 per cent) hormone-resistant tumours showed p53 protein accumulation in the post-treatment specimen. Both pre- and post-treatment specimens from these 25 patients were analysed for mutation of the conserved regions of the TP53 gene (exons 5–8), using constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE) followed by DNA sequencing. In the post-treatment samples, mutations were detected in three of the six patients with hormone-responsive tumours and in 11 of the 19 patients with hormone-resistant tumours. The three (100 per cent) patients with therapy-responsive tumours with mutations and nine of the 11 (82 per cent) patients with therapy-resistant tumours with mutations died of the disease. Thirteen of the 14 mutations in the post-treatment specimens were transitions, 11 occurring at CpG dinucleotides in which codon 273 was involved in ten. A significantly higher proportion of tumours with mutations were poorly differentiated compared with tumours without mutation (P<0·04). Our findings indicate that TP53 mutation is a late event in tumour development of the prostate gland and that codon 273 might be a ‘hotspot’ for mutation in the progression of the disease. 相似文献