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排序方式: 共有394条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during cognitive behavioral stress management with hiv-positive gay men treated with haart 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Adam W. Carrico M.S. Michael H. Antoni Ph.D. Ron E. Durán Ph.D. Gail Ironson M.D. Ph.D. Frank Penedo Ph.D. Mary Ann Fletcher Ph.D. Nancy Klimas M.D. Neil Schneiderman Ph.D. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2006,31(2):155-164
Background: Stress management interventions for HIV-positive persons have been designed to enhance coping skills and encourage health-promoting
behaviors with the hope of decreasing distress and slowing disease progression.Purpose: We examined the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention in combination with medication
adherence training (MAT) in 130 gay and bisexual men living with HIV infection.Methods: Participants were randomized to either a 10-week CBSM+MAT intervention (n = 76) or a MAT-only condition (n = 54). Measures
of self-reported adherence, active cognitive coping (i.e., acceptance and positive reinterpretation), avoidant coping (i.e.,
denial and behavioral disengagement), and depressed mood were examined over the 10-week intervention period.Results: Men in CBSM+MAT reported reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during the 10-week intervention period, but no changes
in active cognitive coping or self-reported adherence were observed. Using path analysis, greater reliance on denial coping
at baseline was associated with decreased depressed mood at 10 weeks. We also determined that CBSM+MAT may decrease depressed
mood by reducing reliance on denial coping over the 10-week intervention period.Conclusions: Although denial may be an effective means of distress reduction in the short term, reliance on this coping strategy may
result in a decreased capacity to effectively manage a variety of disease-related stressors in the long term. CBSM+MAT addresses
this potentially detrimental pattern by teaching stress reduction skills that may decrease depressed mood via reduced reliance
on denial coping.
This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants P01 MH49548 and T32 MH18917. 相似文献
2.
Uroscopy in the 21st century: high-field NMR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Neild GH; Foxall PJ; Lindon JC; Holmes EC; Nicholson JK 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(3):404-417
From the experiments described, it can be seen that there are different
research approaches that can be taken and these are summarized in Table 1.
Whereas much scientific research is principally hypothesis led, there
remains, nevertheless, an important place for exploratory research. High
resolution NMR can measure, directly and simultaneously, a wide range of
endogenous metabolites in biological fluids and has the unique capability
of providing structural information on the metabolites detected. It has
proved to be a powerful research tool with which to study inherited
metabolic diseases, renal disease, drug metabolism, and toxicity, and can
be used to monitor the effects of drug therapy. For instance, by using a
library of experimental toxins one can map the metabolic profile of
site-specific nephron injury. With this approach in man one could
eventually take an unknown disease such as Balkan nephropathy and predict
the initial site of tubular injury, the mode of injury and therefore the
kind of toxin capable of producing that injury. NMR spectroscopic
techniques are still advancing rapidly, with ever increasing sensitivity
and sophistication of NMR pulse sequences to enhance structural elucidation
in complex mixtures. Given the advances in directly coupled HPLC-NMR and
even HPLC-NMR-mass spectroscopy it is likely that these technologies in
conjunction with pattern recognition will make major contribution to our
understanding of renal processes and provide new diagnostic insights in the
21st century.
相似文献
3.
Kent Burnett Gail Ironson Charles Benight Christina Wynings Debra Greenwood Charles S. Carver Dean Cruess Andrew Baum Neil Schneiderman 《Journal of traumatic stress》1997,10(4):673-681
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a measure of perceived disruption during rebuilding following a disaster. Two eight-item scales, which measured intensity of disruption during the entire repair phase (Intensity-RP) and intensity of disruption during the past month (Intensity-PM) were developed and administered to 135 survivors of Hurricane Andrew. At 9 to 12 months postdisaster, Intensity-RP and Intensity-PM were both significantly associated with scores on the Global Severity Index of the SCL-90-R, and with scores on the Impact of Event-Intrusion Scale; Intensity-PM alone was significantly associated with PTSD scores. Regression analyses indicated that each scale contributed significant unique variance in predicting mental health symptoms, even after controlling for relevant demographic and initial disaster exposure variables. 相似文献
4.
Marc Gellman Susan Spitzer Gail Ironson Maria Llabre Patrice Saab Rosemary De Carlo Pasin Donald J. Weidler Neil Schneiderman 《Psychophysiology》1990,27(5):544-551
Ambulatory blood pressure was studied as a function of posture, place, and mood in 131 subjects classified according to race, gender, and hypertensive status. The effect of posture was significant and explained a substantial proportion of within-subject variability. After controlling for posture, significant place and mood effects were observed when subjects were sitting but not when they were standing. Home vs. work differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater in Whites than in Blacks. Similar differences in systolic blood pressure were greater in mild hypertensive than in normotensive subjects. The results of this study underscore the need to control for effects of posture when interpreting ambulatory blood pressure readings. 相似文献
5.
Gail H. Ironson Marc D. Gellman Susan B. Spitzer Maria M. Llabre Rosemary De Carlo Pasin Donald J. Weidler Neil Schneiderman 《Psychophysiology》1989,26(2):174-184
The relationship between blood pressure in the laboratory (both at rest and in response to laboratory tasks) and ambulatory blood pressure at home and at work was evaluated. One hundred nineteen normotensive and unmedicated mild-moderate hypertensive black and white females and males participated in laboratory blood pressure monitoring at rest and during four challenging tasks (structured interview, video game, bicycle exercise, and cold pressor test) as well as ambulatory blood pressure monitoring while at home and at work. Baseline blood pressure taken while subjects were at rest was the strongest predictor of ambulatory systolic blood pressure (r = .64) and diastolic blood pressure (r = .77) at work. Among reactivity tasks the strongest predictors of ambulatory blood pressure in the total population were the structured interview and the video game (both psychological tasks) followed by the cold pressor test. Racial comparisons, however, determined that the cold pressor test predicted diastolic blood pressure significantly better for blacks (r = .73) than for whites (r = .40), suggesting a possible difference in blood pressure regulation. 相似文献
6.
Background
Correct diagnosis in psychiatry may be improved by novel diagnostic procedures. Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are suggested to be able to improve diagnostic procedures, but some studies indicate possible problems. Therefore, it could be important to investigate CDSS systems with regard to their feasibility to improve diagnostic procedures as well as to save time. 相似文献7.
Laperriere A Ironson GH Antoni MH Pomm H Jones D Ishii M Lydston D Lawrence P Grossman A Brondolo E Cassells A Tobin JN Schneiderman N Weiss SM 《Journal of health psychology》2005,10(2):223-231
This prospective multisite Phase III clinical trial (Miami, New York, New Jersey) investigated the long-term (one year) effects of a 10-week group cognitive-behavioral stress management/expressive supportive therapy (CBSM+) intervention on disadvantaged minority women living with AIDS. The CBSM+ intervention consisted of 10-weekly group session of stress management, cognitive-behavioral skill training, relaxation techniques and expressive-supportive therapeutic strategies. The primary study outcome was self-reported depression scores as measured by the BDI. The CBSM+ Group intervention significantly decreased depression scores on the BDI for women following the intervention and maintained the decreased level at one-year follow-up. 相似文献
8.
Gail Ironson George Solomon Dean Cruess Julie Barroso Margaret Stivers 《Clinical psychology & psychotherapy》1995,2(4):249-266
Only a few studies of long-term survivors of AIDS (those who survive more than twice the median expected time) have been done but these reveal a constellation of psychological characteristics including, but not limited to, those with active coping, social support, life involvement, ability to communicate, and active collaboration with one's doctor. Another related literature consists of longitudinal studies following people infected with the HIV virus to determine whether psychological characteristics are related to disease progression. These studies have focused on coping, depression, negative expectancies and social support as predictors. This article reviews and integrates the two bodies of literature combining the variables identified into four psychosocial strategies related to longer survival with HIV/AIDS: following healthy self care; maintaining connectedness; having a sense of meaning or purpose in life; and maintaining perspective. Affect, beliefs, and behaviour are all seen as important. Biological variables, SES and psychological resources that the person brings to the situation and external stresses are seen as important variables to consider in prediction studies. The pathways through which these four strategies may operate (both psychological and biological) to impact on health are discussed. Psychological pathways include distress and behavioural disengagement, while biological pathways involve the sympathetic nervous system, neuroendocrine and immune mediation. Finally suggestions for future research are given. 相似文献
9.
Cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC) is a rare variant of intraductal carcinoma. A CHC in a 50-year-old woman was excised and processed for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The tumor had a marked cystic appearance. The walls of the cysts consisted of epithelial and myoepithelial cells and a well-developed basement membrane. The epithelial cells contained well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Secretory granules were not detected, with the exception of a few mucus-producing cells. The secretion was predominantly homogenous, reminiscent of thyroid colloid, and demonstrated distinct PAS positivity. The cells displayed a strong labeling with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and EMA-positive structures were observed within the intraluminal secretion, too. Some of these were stained by alcian blue. In addition, the colloid-like material was admixed with mucus showing a filamentous internal structure and lipid droplets resulting in some heterogenity of the secretion. Intraductal micropapillary proliferation in some of the cysts and adjacent nondistended ducts was a further defining feature of the tumor. Steroid hormone receptor and Ki-67 proliferation marker immuno his Tochemistry showed scattered positivity among the tumor cells. These results are in agreement with previous observations and further clarify the nature of this low-grade in situ cancer. 相似文献
10.
This study reports the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 medically ill (cancer, myocardial infarction, HIV/AIDS) people in an attempt to define what people facing a life-threatening illness mean when they say they are 'spiritual' or 'religious'. Questions were asked about beliefs and affective, behavioral, and somatic realms. Subjects initially self-identified as considering themselves to be spiritual, religious, or both. While some similarities existed between the groups (e.g. amount of time spent in prayer, beliefs set the tone for their life, give them a sense of well-being, guidance, a sense of right and wrong, a connection to God, and a sense they will live on in some form), significant differences were discovered in overall belief systems, as well as in interpretation of the mechanisms whereby subjects' beliefs impacted their health and their recovery. Those identifying as spiritual described recovery and healing as happening through them whereas those identifying as religious were more likely to say it happens to them. In addition, significant differences existed between the groups in their overall view of God, self, world, and others. Implications for future studies are discussed. 相似文献