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The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Coronary artery disease accounts for >30% ofdeaths in Western society. The diagnosis of myocardial infarctionshould be qualified by size, causation and time from occurrence. Mortalityis reduced by immediate or primary percutaneouscoronary intervention or thrombolysis within the first 24 hof onset of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Strategiesto reduce platelet activation (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptorantagonists, or clopidogrel) are now recommended in the treatmentof high-risk non-ST-segment myocardial infarction/unstable angina. Elevatedserum troponins may be the result of non-ischaemic myocardialdamage, especially in critical illness.
Pathophysiology
Changes in the definition of terms relating to the diagnosisof myocardial infarction (MI) have evolved by better understandingof the pathophysiology culminating in the new term of acutecoronary syndrome (ACS). Figure 1 illustrates the processesthat occur in the development of an acute coronary event. 相似文献
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Berbaum KS; el-Khoury GY; Franken EA Jr; Kathol M; Montgomery WJ; Hesson W 《Radiology》1988,168(2):507-511
The effect of knowledge of localizing symptoms and signs in the detection of fractures was studied. Forty radiographs of the extremities were examined twice by seven radiologists; the sessions were separated by 4 months. In 26 cases, a subtle fracture was present; 14 cases were normal. In half of the cases at each session, the precise location of pain, tenderness, or swelling was provided. The observer was asked to determine if the case was normal or abnormal (provide the exact location of the fracture) and to indicate the degree of confidence in the diagnosis. Responses were converted to a numeric scale for analysis. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic parameters indicates that clues regarding location of trauma facilitate detection of fractures. The improvement is based largely on an increased true-positive rate without an increased false-positive rate, regardless of the decision criteria of the radiologist (overall willingness to "overread" or "underread"). This has direct clinical applicability and reinforces the plea of radiologists for precise clinical information. 相似文献
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I?Satish?RaoEmail author Anand?C?Loya KS?Ratnakar VR?Srinivasan 《BMC clinical pathology》2005,5(1):11
Background
Lymph node infarction is known to occur in association with many non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions however its occurrence in association with DIC is not reported hitherto in the literature. 相似文献8.
Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in human fragmented embryos 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
Yang HW; Hwang KJ; Kwon HC; Kim HS; Choi KW; Oh KS 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(4):998-1002
In human in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer, the in-vitro culture
environment differs from in-vivo conditions in that the oxygen
concentration is higher, and in such conditions the mouse embryos show a
higher concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in simple culture
media. ROS are believed to cause damage to cell membranes and DNA
fragmentation in somatic cells. This study was conducted to ascertain the
level of H2O2 concentration within embryos and the morphological features
of cell damage induced by H2O2. A total of 62 human oocytes and embryos (31
fragmented, 15 non-fragmented embryos, 16 unfertilized oocytes) was
obtained from the IVF-embryo transfer programme. The relative intensity of
H2O2 concentrations within embryos was measured using
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate by Quanti cell 500 fluorescence
imaging and DNA fragmentation was observed with transmission electron
microscopy and an in-situ apoptosis detection kit. The H2O2 concentrations
were significantly higher in fragmented embryos (72.21 +/- 9.62, mean +/-
SEM) compared to non-fragmented embryos (31.30 +/- 3.50, P < 0.05) and
unfertilized oocytes (30.75 +/- 2.67, P < 0.05). Apoptosis was observed
only in fragmented embryos, and was absent in non-fragmented embryos.
Electron microscopic findings confirmed apoptotic bodies and cytoplasmic
condensation in the fragmented blastomeres. We conclude that there is a
direct relationship between increased H2O2 concentration and apoptosis, and
that further studies should be undertaken to confirm these findings.
相似文献
9.
Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
In the primary olfactory pathway, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) extend processes to envelop bundles of olfactory axons
as they course towards their termination in the olfactory bulb. The expression of growth-promoting adhesion and extracellular
matrix molecules by OECs, and their spatially close association with olfactory axons are consistent with OECs being involved
in promoting and guiding olfactory axon growth. Because of this, OECs have been employed as a possible tool for inducing axonal
regeneration in the injured adult CNS, resulting in significant functional recovery in some animal models and promising outcomes
from early clinical applications. However, fundamental aspects of OEC biology remain unclear. This brief review discusses
some of the experimental data that have resulted in conflicting views with regard to the identity of OECs. We present here
recent findings which support the notion of OECs as a single but malleable phenotype which demonstrate extensive morphological
and functional plasticity depending on the environmental stimuli. The review includes a discussion of the normal functional
role of OECs in the developing primary olfactory pathway as well as their interaction with regenerating axons and reactive
astrocytes in the novel environment of the injured CNS. The use of OECs to induce repair in the injured nervous system reflects
the functional plasticity of these cells. Finally, we will explore the possibility that recent microarray data could point
to OECs assuming an innate immune function or playing a role in modulating neuroinflammation. 相似文献
10.
An anthrax lethal factor-neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects rats before and after challenge with anthrax toxin
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Lim NK Kim JH Oh MS Lee S Kim SY Kim KS Kang HJ Hong HJ Inn KS 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(10):6547-6551
Lethal factor (LF) is a component of anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx). We generated anti-LF murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that show LeTx-neutralizing activity in vitro and in vivo. Anti-LF MAbs were generated by immunization with recombinant LF, and the MAbs showing LeTx-neutralizing activity in vitro were selected. Two MAbs with the highest affinities, 5B13B1 (dissociation constant [K(d)], 2.62 nM) and 3C16C3 (K(d), 8.18 nM), were shown to recognize the same or closely overlapping epitopes on domain III of LF. The 50% inhibitory concentration of 5B13B1 (0.21 microg/ml) was approximately one-third that of 3C16C3 (0.63 microg/ml) in the in vitro LeTx-neutralization assay. The 5B13B1 antibody, which had the highest neutralizing activity, provided perfect protection against LeTx challenge in an in vivo LeTx neutralization assay using Fisher 344 rats. In addition, the antibody showed pre- and postexposure prophylactic effects in the animal experiments. This is the first report that an MAb binding to domain III of LF has neutralizing activity against LeTx. The 5B13B1 antibody may be useful in prophylaxis against anthrax poisoning. 相似文献