Demarcation of arteriopulmonary segments: a novel and effective method for the identification of pulmonary segments

ObjectiveEach pulmonary segment is an anatomical and functional unit. However, it is fundamentally difficult to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment using the conventional pulmonary intersegmental planes from computed tomography images. Building arteriopulmonary segments is likely to be an effective way to identify pulmonary segments.MethodsThe thoracic computed tomography images of 40 patients were collected. The anatomic structures of interest were extracted in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes using the semi-automated segmentation tools provided by Amira software. The intrapulmonary vessels were subsequently segmented and reconstructed. The distributions of the pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi were observed. In patients with pulmonary masses, the mass was also reconstructed.ResultsThe three-dimensional reconstructed images showed the branches of the pulmonary artery ramified up to their eighth order covering the entire lung as well as evident intersegmental gaps without pulmonary arteries. The segmental artery was closely accompanied by the segmental bronchi in 486 pulmonary segments (90% of total number of segments). The size and spatial location of the pulmonary mass within a pulmonary segment were also clearly visible.ConclusionsDemarcation of arteriopulmonary segments can be used to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment and provide its detailed anatomical structure before pulmonary segmentectomy.     

Ethyl lactate as a potential green solvent to extract hydrophilic (polar) and lipophilic (non-polar) phytonutrients simultaneously from fruit and vegetable by-products

Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed.     

指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

输尿管镜电子动能碎石182例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法：对182例(198侧)输尿管结石患者采用输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术治疗。结果：一次性碎石成功率为95.0%(188／198)，并发症发生率为4.0%(8／198)，其中穿孔2侧。结论：输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、疗效确切的方法。     

2-甲酰(乙酰)取代喹啉缩氨基硫脲的合成

缩氨基硫脲类化合物有抗肿瘤、抗病毒和抗菌等多种药理活性。Barret等首次报道了乙二醛二缩氨基硫脲(Ⅰ)的抗疟活性。Klayman等研究了缩     

Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in premature rupture of the membranes

In 79 hospitalized patients in delivery, the search for U. urealyticum was carried out at the level of the vagina, the rim of the placenta, the edge of the PRM orifice and in the throats of newborns, 3 groups were formed: group I: 38 term patients delivering after ARM, group II: 36 patients delivering after 28 weeks, with PRM group III: 5 patients with premature delivery without PRM. The results demonstrate: a highly significant correlation between the women with PRM and those who have a positive vaginal sample; a highly significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the membranes; a significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the placenta. The search for ureaplasma would be carried out in case of PRM.     

静脉内毒瘾者HIV感染的转归及影响因素

对ＨＣＶ血清标记阳性的静脉内毒瘤者进行半年和１５个月随访，并调查影响转归的部分因素。结果显示，静脉内毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ自然转阴率分别为１１．０／和３３．３％。单因素和多因素分析均提示转阴率以婚姻状况良好的已婚者较离婚者高、人均年收入高者较低者高，说明婚姻状况和人们的经济水平对毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ转阴有一定的影响。     

髂股静脉血栓形成血浆降钙素基因相关肽测定的临床意义

目的　探讨降钙素基因相关肽对髂股静脉血栓形成的影响。方法　回顾性分析 5 0例髂股静脉血栓形成患者降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的水平 ,以及对比研究联合应用尿激酶和复方丹参注射液治疗前后CGRP的变化。结果　急性髂股静脉血栓形成患者均存在高水平的CGRP ,与对照组比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;治疗后 6h血浆CGRP水平明显升高 ,3d达到最高峰 ,15d接近正常水平。结论　CGRP可以作为髂股静脉血栓形成的诊断指标之一 ,联合应用尿激酶和复方丹参注射液对髂股静脉血栓形成有较好的疗效。     

Subthreshold oscillations generated by TTX-sensitive sodium currents in dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cells

During intracellular recordings in rodent brainstem slice preparations, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) pyramidal cells (PCs) exhibit characteristic discharge patterns to depolarizing current injection that depend on the membrane potential from which the responses are evoked. When depolarized from hyperpolarized potentials, PCs can respond with a short-latency action potential followed by a long silent interval (pauser) or a train of action potentials with a long latency (buildup). During the silent intervals in a pauser or a buildup response, the membrane potential slowly depolarizes towards spike threshold, often exhibiting distinct voltage oscillations of 1–2 mV before the first spike. The subthreshold voltage oscillations were investigated using whole cell recordings from DCN PCs in rat pup (P10–14) brainstem slices. The oscillations were unaffected by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter antagonists, and were not temporally locked to the onset of the depolarization. The oscillations typically became larger as spike threshold was approached, and had a characteristic frequency between 40 and 100 Hz. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 500 nM), the oscillations were significantly suppressed, and could not be evoked at any voltage below or above spike threshold. The oscillations were not blocked by phenytoin or Cd²⁺, but they were affected by prior activity in the neuron for approximately 1 s. We conclude that voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are required to generate membrane oscillations during the buildup phase. We suggest that the subthreshold oscillations play a role in controlling spike timing in PCs when the membrane potential slowly approaches, or hovers near, spike threshold.