Surgical aspects of the implantation of catheters for acute peritoneal dialysis in premature, newborn and young infants

Ten years experience with acute peritoneal dialysis in 39 preterm-, newborn and small infants shows advantage and low risk of surgically implanted single dacron cuffed silicone catheters compared to trocar catheters.     

The rotating contact glass holder

A rotating contact lens holder for the three-mirror Goldmann lens permits circular examination of the fundus or chamber angle without having to change the position of the fingers on the edge of the lens. The contact lens holder consists of an outer polygonal ring hold by the thumber and index finger. An inner rotating ring holds the contact lens. Continuous rotation of the contact lens is performed with the free middle Finger. This device permits circular examination of the retina without interruption of fixation. The instrument improves not only the speed but also the reliability of the examination.     

Prenatal stroke suggested by intrauterine ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Cerebral infarction is rare in premature newborns and is most commonly the result of arterial embolization from the placenta. A focal echodense area was identified on prenatal cranial ultrasonography (US) in a premature infant (34 weeks of gestation). After birth, cerebral infarction was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical findings, imaging findings and pathogenesis are discussed. New diagnostic methods such as MRI show to be a useful approach in the neonatal period facilitating recognition of cerebrovascular accidents also in low-birth-weight infants.     

Complement component C5a predicts restenosis after superficial femoral artery balloon angioplasty.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) increases serum levels of C5a and whether C5a predicts risk of restenosis. METHODS: C5a antigen was measured at baseline and 8 hours after intervention in 131 consecutive patients (76 women; median age 72 years) with intermittent claudication who underwent successful primary SFA balloon angioplasty. Patients were followed for a median 10 months [interquartile range (IQR) 6 to 14] for the occurrence of >50% restenosis by duplex ultrasound. RESULTS: Median C5a levels increased significantly from 39.7 ng/mL (IQR 27.8 to 55.0) at baseline to 53.8 ng/mL (IQR 35.6 to 85.1, p<0.001) 8 hours post intervention. During the follow-up period, 70 (53%) patients developed restenosis. Increasing levels of C5a (quartiles) at baseline were significantly associated with an increased risk for restenosis (p=0.0092). Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for restenosis with increasing quartiles of baseline serum C5a levels were 1.24 (0.60 to 2.58), 1.93 (0.95 to 3.93), and 2.08 (1.02 to 4.21), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. This effect was independent of nonspecific inflammation as reflected by plasma levels of C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mechanisms play a major role in the development of restenosis after angioplasty. The complement component C5a exerts strong chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. Enhanced complement activation prior to PTA, as measured by higher levels of C5a, was significantly associated with restenosis after SFA balloon angioplasty. Pathways of complement inhibition thus may be worth investigating with respect to improving patency rates.     

The effect of the number of electrocardiograms analyzed on cardiovascular disease surveillance: the Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS)

One method used to control costs in community cardiovascular disease surveillance is to limit the number of electrocardiograms (ECGs) used to validate acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Minnesota Heart Survey investigated the impact of decreasing the maximum number of ECGs analyzed on classification of ECG pattern and final AMI diagnosis (definite, probable, none). A 50% sample of all 1980 acute CHD hospital discharge records (ICD-9 code 410 or 411) from 30 of 31 Twin Cities hospitals were abstracted. Comparing results using all available ECGs in the record (maximum of 12) with those obtained using up to 4 ECGs showed little differences in the ECG classification or final AMI diagnosis.     

Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical correlates of intellectual impairment in myotonic dystrophy

Although intellectual impairment is common in patients with myotonic dystrophy, this aspect of the disease has received relatively little research attention. We examined 41 patients with myotonic dystrophy using objective neuropsychological procedures and magnetic resonance imaging. Ten patients (24%) had severe and generalized intellectual dysfunction, while lesser or no cognitive impairment characterized the remaining patients. Degree of intellectual impairment was not related to neuromuscular status or sex. Patients with severe intellectual disturbance had significantly earlier onset of both myotonia and weakness and were more likely to inherit the disease from their mother. Magnetic resonance imaging findings indicated that while degree of cerebral atrophy was not related to severity of intellectual impairment, skull thickness, focal white matter lesions, and anterior temporal lobe abnormalities were significantly more common in patients with severely disturbed intellect. This study reports a number of previously unreported cerebral magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with intellectual impairment in myotonic dystrophy, but the etiology of these changes awaits neuropathologic examination.     

Dual-source-Computertomographie des Herzens

In a newly developed dual-source computed tomography system (DSCT) the relation of heart rate and image quality and the possible advantages of the system’s superior temporal resolution in the evaluation of left ventricular parameters as compared to results of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Coronary CT angiography was performed using a DSCT (Somatom Defintion, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) in 21 patients (mean age 62±8; 15 male, 6 female). Image quality of the coronary arteries, the heart valves, and the left ventricular myocardium was assessed using a three-point grading scale. Ten of these patients also underwent cardiac MRI for the assessment of left ventricular function, using a SSFP (steady-state free precession) sequence. Left ventricular ejection fractions (LV-EF), the end-systolic volumes (ESV), and the end-diastolic volumes (EDV) were measured employing MRI and DSCT datasets. The image quality ratings for the coronary arteries at the optimal reconstruction interval were diagnostic even in patients with high heart rates (1.42±0.49). Analysis of global LV function using DSCT quantified from CTA datasets showed a good correlation with results of cardiac MRI [EF: r=0.75 (p=0.01); ESV: r=0.72 (p=0.19); EDV: r=0.71 (p=0.02)]. The dual-source CT system offers robust image quality of the coronary arteries, independent of the heart rate, and provides combined diagnostic imaging of coronary arteries, the heart valves, the myocardium, and the global left ventricular function.     

The Mitek mini anchor in the treatment of the gamekeeper's thumb

The fixation of a distally ruptured ulnar collateral ligament of the MP 1 (Metacarpophalangeal) joint without a portion of ligament which can be sutured or a small bony fragment can be accomplished with a variety of methods, most of which require drillholes through borth cortices and a counter incision as well as the removal of the material at a second stage [1, 11, 13, 15]. The Mitek bone mini anchor (Ethicon-Mitek®) proved to be a reliable and quick alternative [10, 12, 16, 18, 19]. It was successfully used in eleven patients with excellent stability of the reconstructed joint.     

Mls superantigens: how retroviruses influence the expressed T cell receptor repertoire.

The murine Mls antigens were originally discovered because they have an enormous T cell stimulatory capacity, exceeding in strength any other antigen. The finding that Mls interacts directly with the V beta segment of the T cell receptor, leading to in vivo deletion and in vitro stimulation of T cells expressing particular V beta genes, provided an explanation for this phenomenon and led to the formulation of the new term of superantigen. Recently it was discovered by several groups that these superantigens are encoded by type B retroviruses, the mammary tumor viruses which are transmitted vertically as infectious particles or exist as proviruses in the murine genome.