异基因骨髓源间充质干细胞对BXSB小鼠T、B细胞的影响

目的：探讨异基因骨髓源间充质干细胞（Bonemarrow derived mesenchymal stem cells，BMSCs）对BXSB小鼠T、B细胞增殖、活化及功能成熟等方面的影响。方法：采用。H．TdR掺入法、FACS法、EIJSA等方法检测BMSCs对BXSB小鼠T、B细胞的影响。结果：BALB／c小鼠的BMSCs在不影响BXSB小鼠T细胞诱导活化的基础上抑制其诱导增殖；可降低由ConA诱导的CD4^＋IL^＋细胞的数量，而提高由ConA诱导的CD4^＋IFN-γ^＋细胞数量。对于B细胞，BALB／c小鼠的BMSCs可以抑制其增殖、活化及IgG的分泌。另外，BALB／c小鼠的BMSCs可以抑制BXSB小鼠B细胞上CIMOL的异位表达。结论：异基因BMSCs对自身免疫病小鼠的T、B细胞有一定的调节作用。     

骨髓源间充质干细胞在异基因小鼠免疫器官内的分布及其免疫功能调节作用

目的：探讨骨髓源间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，BMSC)在异基因小鼠免疫器官内的分布及其免疫调节作用。方法：以CM-Dil荧光染料示踪BMSC的体内分布情况，并辅以PCR检测Y染色体的方法进一步鉴定；体外实验采用MTT法、ELISA和FACS等方法检测BMSC的免疫调节作用。结果：BMSC可进入并较长期(30天)存在于异基因小鼠免疫器官内；在体外，BALB／C小鼠的BMSC对由ConA诱导的BALB／C和C57BL／6(B6)和BXSB小鼠的T细胞增殖均有抑制作用；而对前两种小鼠由12S诱导的B细胞增殖和分泌k方面表现为促进作用，对BXSB小鼠由IPS诱导的B细胞增殖和k分泌有抑制作用。BALB／C小鼠的BMSC对BALB／C和B6小鼠由ConA诱导的IL-4生成细胞的数量无明显影响，却可降低由ConA诱导的两种品系小鼠的IFN-γ生成细胞的数量；但对于BXSB小鼠却不同，BALB／C的BMSC可降低由ConA诱导的BXSB小鼠的IL-4生成细胞的数量，而提高由ConA诱导的IFN-γ生成细胞的数量。结论：异基因BMSC不但可进入受体的免疫器官，且可较长期(30天)存在；另外，BMSC对同基因正常、异基因正常和异基因自身免疫病的个体均有一定程度的免疫调节作用。     

Porcine germline genome engineering

Germline editing, the process by which the genome of an individual is edited in such a way that the change is heritable, has been applied to a wide variety of animals [D. A. Sorrell, A. F. Kolb, Biotechnol. Adv. 23, 431–469 (2005); D. Baltimore et al., Science 348, 36–38 (2015)]. Because of its relevancy in agricultural and biomedical research, the pig genome has been extensively modified using a multitude of technologies [K. Lee, K. Farrell, K. Uh, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 32, 40–49 (2019); C. Proudfoot, S. Lillico, C. Tait-Burkard, Anim. Front. 9, 6–12 (2019)]. In this perspective, we will focus on using pigs as the model system to review the current methodologies, applications, and challenges of mammalian germline genome editing. We will also discuss the broad implications of animal germline editing and its clinical potential.     

Ultrasound-guided,direct suprainguinal injection for fascia iliaca block for total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective study

BACKGROUNDPeripheral regional block combined with general anesthesia might be a preferable anesthetic regimen for elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.AIMTo investigate whether ultrasound-guided, direct suprainguinal injection for fascia iliaca block accelerated recovery after general anesthesia and relieved postoperative pain after total hip arthroplasty.METHODSPatients who underwent total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia in 2015 or 2019 at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped based on whether preoperative suprainguinal fascia iliaca block was performed or not. The time to tracheal extubation and time spent in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), intraoperative remifentanil dosage, fentanyl consumption in the PACU, postoperative cumulative fentanyl consumption within 48 h after operation, visual analogue scale at rest and during movement on the first and second days after surgery, and adverse reactions were compared.RESULTSThirty-one elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were included in the study (block group, n = 16; no-block group, n = 15). The visual analog scale scores at rest and during movement on the first and second days were significantly lower in the block group than in the no-block group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the no-block group, the intraoperative remifentanil dosage was lower, the time to tracheal extubation and the time spent in the PACU were shorter in the block group (all P < 0.01). Fentanyl consumption in the PACU and postoperative cumulative fentanyl consumption in 48 h after operation were lower in the block group (all P < 0.01). The incidence of dizziness was higher in the no-block group than in the block group (P = 0.037).CONCLUSIONUltrasound-guided, direct suprainguinal injection for fascia iliaca block led to faster recovery after general anesthesia and early postoperative pain relief in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.     

Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times in relation to subcutaneous injection of exenatide (exendin-4) in healthy subjects

Exenatide is an incretin mimetic with potential glucoregulatory activity in type 2 diabetes. This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled 6-way crossover study assessed exenatide's effect on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics. Of 40 randomized healthy subjects, 39 completed the study. On the placebo day, acetaminophen (1000 mg) was ingested and placebo injected subcutaneously at 0 hours. On exenatide days, acetaminophen was ingested at -1, 0, +1, +2, and +4 hours, relative to the 10 mug exenatide injected subcutaneously at 0 hours. With exenatide injection, mean plasma acetaminophen AUC(0-12 h) values were reduced by 11% to 24% (vs placebo). Peak plasma acetaminophen concentrations were similar for the -1-hour and placebo groups and reduced by 37% to 56% at other times. The most frequent adverse events were generally mild to moderate nausea and vomiting. Exenatide treatment concurrent with or preceding acetaminophen ingestion slowed acetaminophen absorption but had minimal effect on the extent of absorption.     

脂联素与2型糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素和动脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性.方法 90例缺血性脑血管病患者按2型糖尿病诊断标准分为2型糖尿病组(47例)和非糖尿病组(43例).2型糖尿病组又分为轻度狭窄组(n=12)、中度狭窄组(n=27)和重度狭窄组(n=8).采用脑血管造影法评估颈动脉狭窄的程度,测定脂联素、空腹血糖和高敏C反应蛋白水平.结果 2型糖尿病组脂联素水平显著下降,高敏C反应蛋白、空腹血糖水平显著升高,与非糖尿病组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05).与轻度狭窄组比较,中、重度狭窄组脂联素水平显著下降,高敏C反应蛋白水平显著上升(P<0.05);与中度狭窄组比较,重度狭窄组脂联素水平显著下降,高敏C反应蛋白水平显著上升(P<0.05);脂联素水平与高敏C反应蛋白水平和颈动脉受累程度呈显著负相关(r=-0.469 2,-0.392 5,P<0.01),而高敏C反应蛋白水平与颈动脉受累程度呈显著正相关(r=0.892 5,P<0.01).结论 低脂联素水平与颈动脉血管狭窄程度有良好的相关性,低脂联素水平是预测糖尿病患者并发生颈动脉粥样硬化以及病变发展程度的良好指标.     

重组人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶的制备及鉴定

目的:利用基因工程技术制备纯化的重组人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(HNE),为进一步制备HNE的相应抗体和建立精液HNE的检测方法奠定基础。方法:利用HNE的特异引物从人外周血粒细胞中获得HNEmRNA,并将其cDNA克隆入质粒pGEX-2T中以获得重组质粒pGEX-2T/HNE。重组质粒经PCR、双酶切和基因测序鉴定后转入感受态大肠埃希菌DH5α中,并用异丙基β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达重组融合蛋白GST/HNE。重组融合蛋白经凝血酶裂解后获得重组HNE,并经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化后获得纯化的重组HNE。结果:成功制备重组表达质粒pGEX-2T/HNE,并转化入大肠埃希菌DH5α中。经IPTG在18℃过夜诱导后成功获得重组融合蛋白GST/HNE的表达。经凝血酶裂解和谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化后成功获得纯化的重组蛋白HNE。结论:纯化的重组HNE的获得为进一步制备HNE的相应抗体和建立精液HNE的检测方法奠定了基础。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的:探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G CSF)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法:74例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组按急性脑梗死常规方法治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用G CSF。两组病例于治疗前、治疗后1个月和3个月时分别进行Barthel指数(BI)和中国卒中量表(CSS)评定,并观察G CSF治疗期间的不良反应和随访末期的死亡/残障率。结果:71例完成了3个月的观察。治疗组无死亡病例,失访1例;对照组死亡2例。两组治疗后1个月BI和CSS评分即有所改善,但两组差异无显著意义;治疗后3个月,治疗组BI和CSS评分均优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组随访末期死亡/残障率为57%,低于对照组的78%(P<0.05)。G CSF治疗期间未出现明显不良反应。结论:G CSF治疗急性脑梗死安全易行,且能改善3个月时的神经功能和预后。     

中枢组胺在心理应激致大鼠哮喘发病中的作用机制

目的探讨中枢组胺在心理应激致大鼠哮喘发病中的中枢免疫调节作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为5组(每组n=10):对照组、哮喘组、应激组、应激哮喘组及侧脑室注射扑尔敏组,测定肺通气功能,放免法测定血清皮质酮(CORT)含量,ELISA测定IL-4及IFN-γ水平,并计算Th1/Th2比值;HE染色观察肺组织形态;高效液相法测定下丘脑内组胺含量;侧脑室注射H1受体拮抗剂扑尔敏观察应激哮喘组肺通气功能、Th1/Th2比值的变化。结果与哮喘组相比:应激哮喘组肺通气功能下降(P<0.05);血清Th1/Th2比值下降(P<0.05),肺组织炎性浸润加重;下丘脑内组胺从231±32 nmol/g升高至287±44 nmol/g(P<0.05)。侧脑室注射H1受体拮抗剂扑尔敏后可减轻上述变化。结论心理应激可致哮喘大鼠中枢组胺含量升高,后者作用于H1受体,加重哮喘气道高反应性及气道炎性反应。