Electric transmission lines: Control and numerical discretization

We are interested in the mathematical modeling and control of electric power lines. The electric transmission lines under consideration are modeled as directed graph where the evolution of voltage, and current is described by a linear 2 × 2 system of hyperbolic balance laws. Open and closed loop control concepts are investigated for control actions at nodal points in the network. Theoretical and numerical results are presented and compared for different scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards a space mapping approach to dynamic compressor optimization of gas networks

The goal of this paper is to present an efficient approach for dynamic compressor optimization in gas networks based on a space mapping approach. For the fine space a non‐linear isothermal gas flow model is employed, whereas for the coarse‐space model an algebraic model is applied. To solve an optimization problem with the nonlinear model is expensive. Nevertheless we desire to bring as much nonlinear effects into the optimization process as possible. The mathematical formulation and algorithmic aspects of a space mapping technique are developed. A framework in which such can be achieved for compressible isothermal gas flow is presented. Computational results and comparison between different approaches are presented. The results demonstrate that such a multi‐level approach provides more accurate results efficiently. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DNAJ mutations are rare in Chinese Parkinson's disease patients and controls

Mutations in DNAJC13, DNAJC6 and DNAJC5 have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine if rare coding variants in these genes play a role in PD risk in the Chinese population, we sequenced all coding exons of the three genes in 99 early-onset PD cases and 99 controls, and genotyped 8 missense variants in another 711 PD cases and 539 controls. Besides two common missense variants that did not show association with PD, the remaining missense variants were extremely rare (<0.5%), found in healthy population controls and did not show enrichment in PD cases. Our results suggest that missense mutations in DNAJC13, DNAJC5 and DNAJC6 do not play a major role in PD in the Chinese population.     

A rare lysosomal enzyme gene SMPD1 variant (p.R591C) associates with Parkinson's disease

To investigate the role of mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD1) gene in Parkinson's disease (PD) we sequenced all the exons of this gene in 198 Chinese PD cases and matched healthy control subjects. We identified 4 rare variants in SMPD1 (p.P332R, p.Y500H, p.P533L, and p.R591C) that were present only in cases and not in control subjects. Interestingly, 2 of these variants were previously reported in Chinese Niemann-Pick disease patients. Next, we genotyped these variants in another 806 PD cases and 7481 control subjects. We identified a novel, rare SMPD1 variant (p.R591C) which increased the risk of PD (p = 0.009).     

Entropies and Symmetrization of Hyperbolic Stochastic Galerkin Formulations

Stochastic quantities of interest are expanded in generalized polynomial chaos expansions using stochastic Galerkin methods. An application of hyperbolic differential equations in general doesnot transfer hyperbolicity to the coefficients of the truncated series expansion. For the Haar basis and for piecewise linear multiwavelets we present convex entropies for the systems of coefficients of the one-dimensional shallow water equations by using the Roe variable transform. This allows to obtain hyperbolicity, well-posedness and energy estimates.     

外侧弓状韧带上腰方肌阻滞在腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者术后镇痛效果的评价

目的 探讨超声引导下前路和外侧弓状韧带上腰方肌阻滞在腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者术后的镇痛效果。方法 选取2022年7月—2022年12月在徐州医科大学附属医院行择期腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者99例为观察对象,随机分为单纯全身麻醉组（G组）、全麻联合前路腰方肌阻滞组（Q组）、全麻联合外侧弓状韧带上腰方肌阻滞组（QA组）,每组33例。神经阻滞均于麻醉诱导前实施。记录患者术后24 h舒芬太尼用量、镇痛泵首次按压时间、术中瑞芬太尼用量,拔管后各时间点安静和咳嗽时的视觉模拟评分（VAS）,术后24 h内补救镇痛例数,术后24 h恢复质量恢复评分(QoR-40),下肢肌力,术后恶心呕吐及感染、血肿、皮下气肿、肩痛等并发症的发生率。结果 Q组和QA组患者术后24 h舒芬太尼用量低于G组,QA组低于Q组（P<0.05）;Q组和QA组患者镇痛泵首次按压时间晚于G组,QA组晚于Q组（P<0.05）;Q组与QA组患者术后24 h VAS评分均低于G组,T7~T9时间点QA组患者安静时VAS评分低于Q组（P<0.05）,T8~T9时间点QA组患者咳嗽时VAS评分低于Q组（P<0.05）;Q组和QA组患者术中瑞芬太尼用量低于G组,Q组和QA组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Q组和QA组患者术后24 h QoR-40评分高于G组,Q组和QA组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Q组和QA组患者术后24 h内补救镇痛例数低于G组,Q组和QA之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者均未出现下肢肌力减退,术后恶心呕吐及术后感染、血肿、皮下气肿、肩痛等并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者,外侧弓状韧带上腰方肌阻滞术后镇痛效果较前路腰方肌阻滞更理想,可以明显减少术后阿片类药物的用量,延长镇痛时间     

Exposure to the insecticide endosulfan induces liver morphology alterations and oxidative stress in fruit‐eating bats (Artibeus lituratus)

Exposure to pesticides may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidation of cell membrane lipids and proteins. Although fruit bats are potentially exposed to pesticides during their entire lifespan, the impacts of this exposure are still poorly investigated. We examined the effects of low, commercially recommended concentrations (0, 1.05 and 2.1 g/l) of an organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) formulation on oxidative responses in the liver and kidneys of Neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus lituratus), as well as possible liver morphological alterations following a 35‐day oral exposure. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased upon exposure to 1.05 g/l of EDS in the liver and kidneys, catalase was decreased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats, while glutathione S‐transferase was increased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats. Protein carbonyls increased following the exposure to the highest EDS dose tested. Endosulfan‐induced morphological alterations in the liver included cell degeneration and cell death, with apparent cytoplasm lipid accumulation (steatosis) and pyknotic nuclei, karyolysis and deposit of collagen fibres. Our findings suggest that exposure to low concentrations of EDS induced a certain extent of oxidative damage in fruit bats, which may have led to liver morphological alterations.