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1.
Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is an increasingly recognized entity, and is usually associated with previous patellofemoral dysplasia or instability. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has evolved significantly in recent years, both in terms of implant design and importantly in the understanding of appropriate patient selection. This review outlines the indications and investigations for PFA, provides a brief history of the development of contemporary implants, and presents the clinical outcomes for the prostheses most commonly used in the UK. In addition, it provides a detailed surgical technique for implantation of an onlay implant, with tips on how to optimize patellofemoral biomechanics and thus achieve a consistently good outcome. 相似文献
2.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of clonazepam and alprazolam for panic disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G E Tesar J F Rosenbaum M H Pollack M W Otto G S Sachs J B Herman L S Cohen S A Spier 《The Journal of clinical psychiatry》1991,52(2):69-76
To test the reported antipanic efficacy of clonazepam, the authors randomized 72 subjects with panic disorder to 6 weeks of treatment with either alprazolam, clonazepam, or placebo. Endpoint analysis demonstrated a significant beneficial effect of both active treatments, but not placebo treatment, on the frequency of panic attacks, overall phobia ratings, and the extent of disability. Comparison of the two active treatments revealed no significant differences and no consistent tendency for one agent to be favored over another, although power to detect small differences was limited. Sedation and ataxia were the most common side effects reported, but these effects were mild and transient and did not interfere with treatment outcome. The results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial are consistent with previous reports of clonazepam's antipanic efficacy. 相似文献
3.
Toxic effects of colloids in the intensive care unit. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Colloid fluid solutions are frequently used as plasma volume expanders in the critically ill. As a group, these nonblood volume replacement solutions have in common a number of potential adverse effects. Intravascular volume overload, dilutional coagulopathy, extravascular extravasation across leaky capillary membranes, and anaphylactoid reactions may all occur with administration of any colloid. In addition, individual agents have unique toxic effects. Renal dysfunction has been associated with dextran 40, myocardial depression with albumin, hypotension with purified plasma protein, and hyperamylasemia with hetastarch. Because no ideal colloidal solution exists, knowledge of type, severity, and clinical significance of adverse effects is important in determining the appropriate plasma volume expander and monitoring its effects. 相似文献
4.
Herman H. Samson Gerald A. Tolliver Miki Haraguchi Peter W. Kalivas 《Brain research bulletin》1991,27(2):267-271
Rats, initiated to self-administer 10% (v/v) ethanol in an operant situation using the sucrose-fading procedure, received bilateral n. accumbens microinjections of d-amphetamine prior to operant sessions. Doses of 4 micrograms, 10 micrograms and 20 micrograms/brain were administered and some animals also received a 4 microgram/brain dose of LY171555. Three different effects were observed: increased, decreased and no change in total session responding. There was no clear relation between injection area in the n. accumbens and type of effect observed. For either an increase or decrease in total session responding, momentary response rates were decreased. Both d-amphetamine and LY171555 produced similar results. The data support the hypothesis that dopamine in the n. accumbens is involved with ethanol reinforced operant responding but in a complex manner. 相似文献
5.
J. Epelbaum L. Tapia Arancibia J.P. Herman C. Kordon M. Palkovits 《Brain research》1981,230(1-2):412-416
Somatostatin (SRIF) in the central nervous system is mostly concentrated in the median eminence (ME). Immunocytochemical methods have revealed high densities of SRIF-positive perikarya between the preoptic area and the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (NPE). The aim of the present study was to define more precisely the specific pathways of SRIF neurons from NPE to the ME. SRIF levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, following various hypothalamic transections. Frontal periventricular sections decreased SRIF-ME content by 70% (P less than 0.01), when located at the anterior end of the ME but no diminution was observed when the cuts were located anteriorly or posteriorly. Parasaggital transections decreased SRIF-ME levels by 50% (P less than 0.05) when located at the outer border of the ventromedial and premammillary nucleus, but the decrease was not significant when cuts were located anteriorly. Taken together, our data indicate that most SRIF-containing neurons, originating in the NPE, do not reach the ME directly along the border of the 3rd ventricle; instead they form a loop across the medial forebrain bundle before re-entering the mediobasal hypothalamus at the ME level. 相似文献
6.
7.
Hysterosalpingography was performed in 31 patients by means of a low-dose scanning-beam digital radiographic system. The technique permits adequate evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities while allowing significant reduction in radiation: 2.4-mR (6.1 X 10(-7) C/kg) exposure to the skin and 0.7-mrad (7 X 10(-6) Gy) mean dose to the ovaries per image obtained. Sixteen patients demonstrated readily recognizable and documented abnormalities, corroborated by laparoscopy, laparotomy, or other supportive evidence. 相似文献
8.
Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH 1H) Induction Therapy in Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation—Efficacy and Safety at Five Years 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christopher J. E. Watson J. Andrew Bradley Peter J. Friend John Firth Craig J. Taylor John R. Bradley Kenneth G. C. Smith Sathia Thiru Neville V. Jamieson Geoff Hale Herman Waldmann Roy Calne 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(6):1347-1353
Alemtuzumab is a powerful lymphocyte depleting antibody currently being evaluated in solid organ transplantation. This paper describes 5-year results of a single center study of alemtuzumab as induction in renal transplantation. Thirty-three renal transplant recipients received 20 mg alemtuzumab on day 0 and 1, followed by half-dose cyclosporin monotherapy (trough concentration 75-125 ng/mL) from day 3. They were compared in a retrospective contemporaneous-controlled manner with 66 kidney transplant recipients transplanted in the same period and center who received conventional immunosuppression with cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone. In the alemtuzumab group 12% of recipients died compared to 17% in the control group (p = 0.48); likewise graft loss was similar in both groups (21% vs. 26%, respectively, p = 0.58). Incidence of acute rejection was also comparable at 5 years (31.5% vs. 33.6%), although the pattern of rejection was different with 14% patients in the alemtuzumab group experiencing rejection over 1 year post-transplant compared to none in the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of infection or serious adverse events. While acknowledging the limitations of a relatively small single-center study, results suggest that alemtuzumab induction allowed satisfactory long-term patient and graft survival equivalent to that seen with standard triple immunosuppression, while avoiding steroid therapy. 相似文献
9.
J J de Souza T Perlmann A A Herman O J Ransome R W Kantor 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》1987,71(11):690-692
The value of maternal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as predictors of fetal and maternal infective morbidity and fetal mortality was assessed prospectively over a 6-month period in all cases of premature rupture of the fetal membranes or suspected premature labour. Statistical analysis of results showed that CRP at a level of 1.32 mg/dl is a sensitive marker of infective morbidity in mother and neonate. Furthermore, there was a significant association between raised CRP levels and low-birth-weight babies, suggesting that intra-uterine infection is a major cause of prematurity in the study population. 相似文献
10.
The serotonin-3 (5-HT3) agonist 1-phenylbuguanide (0.1–1.0 mM in perfusate) caused a robust, dose-dependent enhancement of extracellular dopamine content in nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis. This action was antagonized by co-perfusion of the 5-HT3 antagonists zacopride and GR38032F (1 mM in perfusate). Similar effects were observed in 5-HT-denervated rats. These findings suggest that there is a potent modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens mediated via 5-HT3 receptors, which appear to be located presynaptically on DA terminals of the mesolimbic DA pathway. 相似文献