Small proportions: what to report for confidence intervals?

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2005; 14: 239–247.     

Chromosome 11p15.5 regional imprinting: comparative analysis of KIP2 and H19 in human tissues and Wilms' tumors

The imprinted H19 gene is frequently inactivated in Wilms' tumors (WTs) either by chromosome 11p15.5 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or by hypermethylation of the maternal allele and it is possible that there might be coordinate disruption of imprinting of multiple 11p15.5 genes in these tumors. To test this we have characterized total and allele- specific mRNA expression levels and DNA methylation of the 11p15.5 KIP2 gene in normal human tissues, WTs and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Both KIP2 alleles are expressed but there is a bias with the maternal allele contributing 70-90% of mRNA. Tumors with LOH show moderate to marked reductions in KIP2 mRNA relative to control tissues and residual mRNA expression is from the imprinted paternal allele. Among WTs without LOH most cases with H19 inactivation also have reduced KIP2 expression and most cases with persistent H19 expression have high levels of KIP2 mRNA. In contrast to the extensive hypermethylation of the imprinted H19 allele, both KIP2 alleles are hypomethylated and WTs with biallelic H19 hypermethylation lack comparable hypermethylation of KIP2 DNA. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-C) increases H19 expression in RD RMS cells but does not activate KIP2 expression. These data indicate coordinately reduced expression of two linked paternally imprinted genes in most WTs and also suggest mechanistic differences in the maintenance of imprinting at these two loci.      

同种异体黑素细胞移植治疗白癜风

0　引言　白癜风患者免疫紊乱 ,黑素细胞 (melanocyte,MC)异体移植有可能不被排斥 ,治疗如成功将有很大临床前景 [1 ] .探索同种异体黑素细胞移植后的效果很有意义 .1　病例报告　女 ,2 7岁 ,确诊白癜风 (稳定期 ) ,患者皮肤自幼出现色素脱失斑 ,逐渐增多扩大 . 1996年外用“敏白灵”,前2 mo有效 . 1999- 0 7外用补骨酯酊 ,日服 5 g· L- 1 硫酸铜 10m L和中药 1剂 ,转移因子 4m L ,sc,1· 2 d- 1 .皮损缩小 ,4mo后稳定 .用健康男青年环切的包皮培养 MC,第 4代大约80 %融合时 ,用 2 .5 g· L- 1 胰酶消化 5 min,加入含 2 0 0 g·L- 1小…     

Absorbable stapling techniques in continent urinary diversion

Summary The principle of bowel detubularization to decrease peristaltic pressure and increase reservoir capacity is applied in contemporary continent urinary diversions. The process of detubularization and refashioning of the spatulated bowel segment approximates 1 of operating time and is the most time-consuming aspect of pouch construction. The employment of devices applying absorbable staples (absorbable staplers) has substantially reduced the time required to fashion bowel reservoirs. This article reviews the adaptation of the absorbable stapler to continent urinary diversion using small- and large-bowel segments.     

Free fatty acid mobilization and oxidation during total parenteral nutrition in trauma and infection.

Free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism was studied in 18 traumatized and/or septic patients. Each patient was studied while receiving 5% dextrose (D5W) and after 4 to 7 days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Nonprotein energy during TPN was given either entirely as glucose (Glucose System) or as equal portions of intravenous fat and glucose (Lipid System). Plasma FFA concentrations were in the normal range on D5W and decreased markedly with TPN. FFA turnover was higher than normal on D5W and did not decrease significantly with TPN. The poor correlation between these two variables emphasizes the need to perform kinetic studies to characterize FFA metabolism in trauma and sepsis. Plasma FFA oxidation and net whole body fat oxidation measured by indirect calorimetry were in the normal range on D5W, 35 and 82%, respectively, of resting energy expenditure (REE). With a glucose intake averaging 108% of REE, plasma FFA oxidation and net fat oxidation decreased to 17 and 13%, respectively, of REE. Nonprotein RQ increased only to 0.94 despite administration of glucose in excess of REE, indicating an abnormal persistence of fat oxidation. During D5W administration, plasma FFA accounted for less than one half of total fat oxidation, indicating that unlabeled fat, such as tissue or plasma triglycerides not in rapid equilibrium with plasma FFA, accounted for the bulk of fat oxidation. Glucagon concentrations which were high on D5W did not decrease significantly with TPN. Insulin concentrations were normal on D5W and increased in response to TPN. The abnormal hormonal milieu may account for much of the abnormal fat metabolism. Administration of large amounts of glucose decreased FFA oxidation much more than FFA mobilization. Thus, the infused glucose acts to increase the rate of "futile cycling" of FFA in these acutely ill patients.