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1.
Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on survival and choline acetyltransferase development of spinal cord neurons. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Grothe K Wewetzer A Lagrange K Unsicker 《Brain research. Developmental brain research》1991,62(2):257-261
To investigate the biological role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for the development of the spinal cord we studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of this protein on survival and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-activity of embryonic chick and rat spinal cord neurons. In vitro, bFGF (ED50 1-2.8 ng/ml) supported the survival of embryonic neurons from the ventral part of the rat spinal cord (ventral spinal cord, vsc), including motoneurons. Addition of bFGF (100 ng/ml) increased the ChAT-activity in embryonic chick vsc cultures to 150% as compared to untreated cultures (100%). The effect of bFGF was dose-dependent. In vivo-application of bFGF resulted in a similar increase of ChAT-activity in chick spinal cord. Since bFGF stimulates the ChAT-activity of spinal cord neurons in vivo and in vitro we therefore conclude that this protein may have a physiological function for the transmitter development of cholinergic spinal cord neurons. 相似文献
2.
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and their tumor counterparts, the pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, are well-established
model systems in neurobiology. The development of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells to chromaffin cells can be studied with
regard to developmental signals which trigger the differentiation. With regard to potential treatments of neurological disorders
like Parkinson’s disease chromaffin cell grafting can be used as one therapeutical approach. The beneficial effect of chromaffin
cell grafts is possibly not only related to the release of dopamine but may also be linked to the release of growth factors.
One of the growth factors that is synthesized by chromaffin and PC12 cells is basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The
experimental data available so far, are in agreement with different functional roles of FGF-2. This article summarizes the
putative physiological functions of FGF-2 in the adrenal medulla. Three differential functional roles of FGF-2 are discussed:
(1) as a differentiation factor for sympathoadrenal progenitor cells; (2) as a target-derived neurotrophic factor for preganglionic
sympathetic neurons which innervate adrenal medullary cells; (3) as an auto-/paracrine factor in the adrenal medulla.
Accepted: 21 August 1996 相似文献
3.
Interleukin (IL)-10 down-regulates HLA class II molecules, whether constitutively expressed or up-regulated by interferon-γ or IL-4 on monocytes but not on B lymphocytes. In this study we show that IL-10 does not inhibit HLA class II expression induced by the combination granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4 on monocytes, although it simultaneously abrogates the expression of CD1 molecules induced by the same combination of cytokines. CD1 molecules can act as element of genetic restriction for CD4? CD8? T lymphocytes, and the suppression of CD1 expression by IL-10 abolished antigen presentation to CD1-restricted CD4? CD8? T cell receptor-positive T cells. Although HLA class II expression was not down-regulated by IL-10, the antigen specific proliferative response of CD4+ T cells was nevertheless decreased. This was not caused by down-regulation of known co-stimulatory molecules such as B7.1, B7.2 and ICAM-1. IL-10 decreased the antigen specific proliferative response further by directly influencing the T lymphocytes. Our results indicate that IL-10 exerts some of its immunoregulatory functions by differential modulation of antigen presenting molecules, induced by the same combination of cytokines. 相似文献
4.
Marius Schwabenland Henrike Salié Jovan Tanevski Saskia Killmer Marilyn Salvat Lago Alexandra Emilia Schlaak Lena Mayer Jakob Matschke Klaus Püschel Antonia Fitzek Benjamin Ondruschka Henrik E. Mei Tobias Boettler Christoph Neumann-Haefelin Maike Hofmann Angele Breithaupt Nafiye Genc Christine Stadelmann Bertram Bengsch 《Immunity》2021,54(7):1594-1610.e11
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5.
Benedikt Grothe 《Trends in neurosciences》2018,41(3):115-117
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Rio P. Juni Rushd Al-Shama Diederik W.D. Kuster Jolanda van der Velden Henrike M. Hamer Marc G. Vervloet Etto C. Eringa Pieter Koolwijk Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh 《Kidney international》2021,99(5):1088-1101
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9.
Henrike Rippberger Marcel M. van Gaalen Rainer K.W. Schwarting Markus W?hr 《Current Neuropharmacology》2015,13(2):220-232
Rats emit high-frequency 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in appetitive situations like social interactions. Drugs of abuse are probably the most potent non-social elicitors of 50-kHz USV, possibly reflecting their euphorigenic properties. Psychostimulants induce the strongest elevation in 50-kHz USV emission, particularly amphetamine (AMPH), either when applied systemically or locally into the nucleus accumbens (Nacc). Emission of AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV depends on test context, such as the presence of conspecifics, and can be manipulated pharmacologically by targeting major neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT), but also protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Several D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, as well as typical and atypical antipsychotics block the AMPH-induced elevation in 50-kHz USV. Inhibiting D1 and D2 receptors in the Nacc abolishes AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV, indicating a key role for this brain area. NA neurotransmission also regulates AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV emission given that α1 receptor antagonists and α2 receptor agonists exert attenuating effects. Supporting the involvement of the 5-HT system, AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV are attenuated by 5-HT2C receptor activation, whereas 5-HT2C receptor antagonism leads to the opposite effect. Finally, treatment with lithium, tamoxifen, and myricitrin was all found to result in a complete abolishment of the AMPH-induced increase in 50-kHz USV, suggesting the involvement of PKC signaling. Neurotransmitter systems involved in AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV emission only partially overlap with other AMPH-induced behaviors like hyperlocomotion. The validity of AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV as a preclinical model for neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed, particularly with relevance to altered drive and mood seen in bipolar disorder. 相似文献
10.
Nils Schweingruber Henrike J. Fischer Lisa Fischer Jens van den Brandt Anna Karabinskaya Verena Labi Andreas Villunger Benedikt Kretzschmar Peter Huppke Mikael Simons Jan P. Tuckermann Alexander Flügel Fred Lühder Holger M. Reichardt 《Acta neuropathologica》2014,127(5):713-729
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the standard therapy for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffering from an acute relapse. One of the main mechanisms of GC action is held to be the induction of T cell apoptosis leading to reduced lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS, yet our analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in three different strains of genetically manipulated mice has revealed that the induction of T cell apoptosis is not essential for the therapeutic efficacy of GCs. Instead, we identified the redirection of T cell migration in response to chemokines as a new therapeutic principle of GC action. GCs inhibited the migration of T cells towards CCL19 while they enhanced their responsiveness towards CXCL12. Importantly, blocking CXCR4 signaling in vivo by applying Plerixafor® strongly impaired the capacity of GCs to interfere with EAE, as revealed by an aggravated disease course, more pronounced CNS infiltration and a more dispersed distribution of the infiltrating T cells throughout the parenchyma. Our observation that T cells lacking the GC receptor were refractory to CXCL12 further underscores the importance of this pathway for the treatment of EAE by GCs. Importantly, methylprednisolone pulse therapy strongly increased the capacity of peripheral blood T cells from MS patients of different subtypes to migrate towards CXCL12. This indicates that modulation of T cell migration is an important mechanistic principle responsible for the efficacy of high-dose GC therapy not only of EAE but also of MS. 相似文献