Is there relationship between serum uric acid levels and lower urinary tract symptoms,prostate volume,and PSA in men without cancer? A prospective population-based study

There are conflicting results about uric acid (UA) effect on the prostate. We investigated the relationship between UA and PSA, free PSA, prostate volume and international prostate symptoms score (IPSS) in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). This study was conducted in BPH men without cancer who were referred for annual health workup (N = 910) from 2017 to 2020. The mean ages were 67.28 ± 9.2 years. UA was positively related to IPSS and PSA (r = 0.210, p = .023 and r = 0.156, p = .041 respectively) and also negatively related to free/total PSA ratio (r = −0.332, p = .01) but not related to prostate volume (r = 0.036, p = .696). After adjustment for age, BMI and prostate volume, there were significant relationships between hyperuricaemia and PSA, free/total PSA ratio, and IPSS (95% CI: 0.254–1.645, OR = 0.647, p = .039; 95% CI: 0.076–0.899, OR = 0.270, p = .033 and 95% CI: 1.011–3.386, OR = 1.851, p = .038 respectively). These results should be considered during the general assessment of the patients with BPH. The findings raise the possible hypothesis of relationship between serum UA with IPSS and PSA which should be investigated by future studies.     

Cardioprotective effect of magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite loaded N,α-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats: in vitro and in vivo studies

Cardioprotective effect of N, α-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide (VR), isolated from the leaves of Moringa oleifera plant in doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiac toxicity rats was evaluated. Twelve (12) rats were randomly selected into three groups; two rats received distilled water in the control group, five rats in group I received varying concentration of VR treatment, and group II containing five rats received varying concentration of VR-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activities level were analysed after two weeks. In addition, the expression of three heart failure markers; beta major histocompatibility complex (β-MHC), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were also evaluated. It was observed that the level of these markers expression decreases with an increase in VR concentration (p?nanogel treated rats possesses a significantly increased VR plasma concentration, C_max, K_el, t_½(a), t_½(el), K_a and AUC. The result of this study indicated that VR may help to lower the dosage level, and reduces the treatment course in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our conclusion proposes the cardio-protective ability of the isolated VR and its beneficial effect via free radical scavenging properties.     

Recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 in orthopaedic surgery: a review

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are pleiotropic regulators of bone volume, skeletal organogenesis and bone regeneration after a fracture. They function as signaling agents to affect cellular events like proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Clinically utilized rhBMP-2 combines rhBMP-2 with an osteoconductive carrier to induce bone growth and acts as a bone graft substitute. rhBMP-2, initially released in 2002, has been used primarily in spinal fusions in the lumbar and cervical regions. Recently, the application of rhBMP-2 has extended into the orthopedic trauma setting with increased application in open tibia fractures. This review outlines the history of development, molecular characteristics, toxicity and clinical applications.     

Manual physical therapy: we speak gibberish

In December of 2006, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists (AAOMPT) convened a task force to create a framework for standardizing manual physical therapy procedures. The impetus came from many years of frustration with our ability to precisely communicate to each other, as well as to stakeholders outside our profession. To this end, a contribution titled "A Model for Standardizing Manipulation Terminology In Physical Therapy Practice" is published in this issue of the Journal.     

Endocrinology: Ovarian suppression with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist goserelin (Zoladex) in management of the premenstrual tension syndrome

The objective of this study was to determine the effectivenessof ovarian suppression by a GnRH agonist analogue in 32 womenwith prospectively confirmed severe premenstrual tension. Thedesign was a randomized, double-blind study comparing goserelin3.6 mg with placebo, both given as a monthly s.c. injectionfor 3 months. Self-assessment was by daily visual analogue scales(VAS) for anxiety and depression, daily quantitative symptomrating for breast discomfort, swelling, irritability, tension,depression and by monthly Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD)scales. Of the 16 women in each group, 15 completed active and12 completed placebo therapy. Median symptom scores for wholecycles showed a significant reduction of breast discomfort andswelling during active treatment, with no significant improvementin psychological symptoms. Analysis by cycle phase showed thatfor individual subjects, pre-treatment differences in VAS scoresfor anxiety and depression were abolished in a significantlygreater proportion of actively treated cycles. Within-groupcomparisons showed a marked placebo effect and, comparing thetwo groups, differences reached significance only during treatmentcycle 1 and the first post-treatment cycle for anxiety withno significant differences for depression. It was concludedthat while suppression of ovarian activity with a gonadotrophin-releasinghormone analogue dampens down cyclical mood swings, it has amore marked effect on the physical components of the premenstrualsyndrome. Results reconfirm the positive role of placebo inthe management of this condition.