全文获取类型
收费全文 | 414篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 12篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 16篇 |
口腔科学 | 2篇 |
临床医学 | 26篇 |
内科学 | 53篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 2篇 |
特种医学 | 62篇 |
外科学 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 189篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有434条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bruce G. Haffty M.D. Peter L. Perrotta M.D. † Barbara Ward M.D. ‡ Meena Moran M.D. Malcolm Beinfield M.D. ‡ Charles McKhann M.D. ‡ Diana Fischer Ph.D. Darryl Carter M.D. † 《The breast journal》1997,3(1):7-14
Abstract: Between 1970 and 1990, 1,008 patients with early-stage breast cancer were treated by conservative surgery without axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy to the intact breast in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology at Yale-New Haven Hospital. The patient population, broken down by histologic subtype, was as follows: 761 patients presented with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 70 patients with pure intraductal, 38 intraductal with focal invasion, 54 infiltrating lobular, 21 tubular, 17 medullary, 16 mucinous, and 29 with other various histologic subtypes. Patients were followed on a regular basis by the referring physicians and radiation oncologists. Diagnostic studies for distant metastases were performed as clinically indicated. Annual mammography was a routine component of the follow-up program. As of 3/96, with a median follow-up of 10.5 years, 83 patients developed an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, and 109 patients developed distant metastases resulting in an overall 10-year breast recurrence-free rate of 84%, and a 10-year distant metastasis-free rate of 78%. There were significant differences in clinical stage, pathological nodal involvement, and administration of systemic therapy between various histologic subtypes. As expected, those patients with histologies of low metastatic potential (such as intraductal, tubular, and mucinous) had significantly superior distant recurrence-free survival rates. With respect to breast relapse rates, there were no statistically significant differences in the 5- and 10-year breast recurrence-free rates between any of the histologic subtypes. Patients with intraductal carcinoma with or without focal invasion had similar breast relapse rates as those with other histologic subtypes. Patients with lobular carcinoma in situ as a histologic component also had a similar overall breast relapse-free recurrence rate. In conclusion, long-term follow-up of conservatively treated breast cancer patients demonstrates no significant differences in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rates between various histologic subtypes. There are no histologies which had a statistically significantly higher breast-relapse rate than infiltrating ductal carcinomas and therefore no primary histologic subtype represents a relative contraindication to breast conservation therapy. 相似文献
7.
Liu JQ; Bai XF; Shi FD; Xiao BG; Li HL; Levi M; Mustafa M; Wahren B; Link H 《International immunology》1998,10(8):1139-1148
Induction of mucosal tolerance by inhalation of soluble peptides with
defined T cell epitopes is receiving much attention as a means of
specifically down-regulating pathogenic T cell reactivities in autoimmune
and allergic disorders. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
induced in the Lewis rat by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP)
and Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for the
MBP amino acid sequences 68-86 and 87-99. To further define the principles
of nasal tolerance induction, we generated three different MBP peptides
(MBP 68-86, 87-99 and the non- encephalitogenic peptide 110-128), and
evaluated whether their nasal administration on day -11, -10, -9, -8 and -7
prior to immunization with guinea pig MBP (gp-MBP) + CFA confers protection
to Lewis rat EAE. Protection was achieved with the encephalitogenic
peptides MBP 68-86 and 87-99, MBP 68-86 being more potent, but not with MBP
110-128. Neither MBP 68-86 nor 87-99 at doses used conferred complete
protection to gp-MBP-induced EAE. In contrast, nasal administration of a
mixture of MBP 68-86 and 87-99 completely blocked gp-MBP-induced EAE even
at lower dosage compared to that being used for individual peptides. Rats
tolerized with MBP 68-86 + 87-99 nasally showed decreased T cell responses
to MBP reflected by lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays.
Rats tolerized with MBP 68-86 + 87-99 also had abrogated MBP-reactive
IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in lymph node
cells compared to rats receiving MBP 110-128 nasally, while similar low
levels of MBP-reactive transforming growth factor-beta and IL-4 mRNA
expressing cells were observed in the two groups. Nasal administration of
MBP 68-86 + 87-99 only slightly inhibited guinea pig spinal cord
homogenate-induced EAE, and passive transfer of spleen mononuclear cells
from MBP 68-86 + 87-99-tolerized rats did not protect naive rats from EAE.
Finally, we show that nasal administration of MBP 68-86 + 87-99 can reverse
ongoing EAE induced with gp-MBP, although higher doses are required
compared to the dosage needed for prevention. In conclusion, nasal
administration of encephalitogenic MBP peptides can induce antigen-specific
T cell tolerance and confer incomplete protection to gp-MBP-induced EAE,
and MBP 68-86 and 87-99 have synergistic effects. Non-regulatory mechanisms
are proposed to be responsible for tolerance development after nasal
peptide administration.
相似文献
8.
9.
Prognostic significance of p16 protein levels in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Paul M Weinberger Z Yu B G Haffty D Kowalski M Harigopal C Sasaki D L Rimm A Psyrri 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(17):5684-5691
PURPOSE: Functional inactivation of p16 is an early and frequent event in head and neck squamous cell cancers. In this study, we sought to determine whether p16 expression is of prognostic importance in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: p16 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray composed of 123 oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers with a mean patient follow-up time of 33 months. RESULTS: p16 overexpression was associated with more advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage and higher histologic grade. Despite this association with unfavorable features, p16 overexpression was associated with decreased 5-year local recurrence rates (11 versus 53%) and increased 5-year disease-free survival (62 versus 19%) and overall survival (60 versus 21%). In multivariate analysis, p16 expression status remained an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, overexpression of p16 as determined by immunohistochemistry is associated with significantly improved prognosis and lower local recurrence rates. 相似文献
10.
Ziwei Yu Paul M Weinberger Bruce G Haffty Clarence Sasaki Cynthia Zerillo John Joe Diane Kowalski James Dziura Robert L Camp David L Rimm Amanda Psyrri 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(3):1160-1166
BACKGROUND: The current tumor-node-metastasis system is inadequate to accurately classify patients in terms of prognosis. Thus, with the availability of recently developed molecular tools, considerable interest lies in discovering prognostic markers in order to guide treatment decisions. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied the protein expression levels of cyclin D1 on a tissue microarray composed of 63 OSCCs with long-term follow-up data available. Protein expression was analyzed with an automated in situ quantitative (AQUA) method which allows preservation of tissue morphology while quantifying protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 35 months. High cyclin D1 nuclear expression was associated with increased 5-year local recurrence rate (48% versus 15%), inferior 5-year disease-free survival (16% versus 58%), and inferior 5-year overall survival (17% versus 53%). In multivariate Cox regression, high nuclear cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor for local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that quantitative assessment of nuclear cyclin D1 expression level by automated in situ quantitative analysis is a strong predictor for outcome in OSCC. Thus, cyclin D1 may be a potential target for molecular intervention in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. 相似文献