雷公藤多甙与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响

本研究探讨雷公藤多甙(GTW)与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响。SD雄大鼠用棉酚及GTW各6 mg/kg/d,灌胃给药,每周6日,共11周。10只用药动物全部不育,附睾精子密度和活率也明显下降,而体重增长如常,性行为存在。睾丸光镜下结构绝大多数无明显异常,血清睾酮水平正常,副性腺重量无明显变化。停药6周后生育力恢复。在相同剂量下,单用GTW或棉酚均无抗生育效果。表明两药合用有相加作用,为减少棉酚和GTW副作用提供一条可能途径。     

Effect of injection ofCryptococcus heteropolysaccharide injection into bone marrow donors and recipients on structure of a heterotopic focus of hematopoiesis

Academician I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. Leningrad Pharmaceutical Chemical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 3, pp. 352–353, March, 1988.     

Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide for neonates with pulmonary hypertension

Objective : Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been shown to cause selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improve ventilation-perfusion matching and may be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We report our experience on the use of iNO in neonates with severe PPHN.
Methodology : Inhaled NO was administered to 10 infants with PPHN and persistent hypoxaemia (meconium aspiration syndrome, n = 9; pneumonia, n = 1) after failure of conventional therapy to improve oxygenation. With the exception of one infant, iNO was commenced at 10 ppm.
Results : After 30 min exposure to iNO, the arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) rose from a median of 49 mmHg (6.5 kPa) [range 12-82 mmHg (1.6-10.9 kPa)] to 75 mmHg (10 kPa) [range 17-450 mmHg (2.3-60 kPa)] ( P = 0.005), while the median oxygenation index fell (pre-iNO of 37 vs post-iNO 20) ( P = 0.005) and median systemic arterial pressure rose (pre-iNO 46.5 mmHg (6.2 kPa) [range 32-63 mmHg (4.3 to 8.4 kPa vs post-iNO 54.5 mmHg (7.3 kPa) [range 36-74 kPa]) P = 0.005). All infants subsequently continued to receive iNO with the duration of exposure to iNO ranging from 12 to 168 h (median duration 100 h). Three infants died despite showing an initial beneficial response to iNO. The mean duration of intubation for survivors was 11.9 ± 2.6 days. Methaemoglobinaemia and toxic levels of nitrogen dioxide were not seen during iNO administration. Of the seven survivors, 12 month follow up in two infants and 4 month follow up in four infants showed age-appropriate neurodevelopmental skills, with one infant having very mild hearing loss.
Conclusions : Inhaled NO reduces the oxygenation index by improving the PaO₂ and decreasing ventilation pressures, and appears to be clinically useful in severely hypoxaemic infants with PPHN refractory to conventional treatment.     

Inhaled nitric oxide during emergency neonatal transportation

ABSTRACT Inhaled nitric oxide is currently being investigated as a selective pulmonary vasodilator for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. The use of continuous inhaled nitric oxide during emergency transportation of three critically ill neonates with meconium aspiration and pulmonary hypertension is described. The successful application of this technique may allow safer transportation of neonates who require high level intensive care including ongoing nitric oxide, high frequency ventilation and/or extracorporeal life support. Regionally based nitric oxide-equipped retrieval teams may relieve the pressure on smaller neonatal intensive care units to provide inhaled nitric oxide therapy and allow centralization of nitric oxide resources, thus facilitating development of expertise and the completion of meaningful research programs with substantial recruitment.     

Screening procedures in detection of oncological pathology in men

The incidence of malignant neoplasms in men is higher versus women residing in Maritime Territory; neoplasms of the urogenital system account for an essential portion (13.6%) of all discussed diseases. Reduced funding to patient-care facilities, worse provision of hospitals and clinics with practitioners and paramedical personnel and minimal logistics supplies to medical facilities are the main causes that affect the quality of oncological medical care rendered to residents of Maritime Territory. Field medical check-ups practiced by oncology experts in the Territory for the purpose of diagnosing the early and asymptomatic types of cancer proved to be feasible in detecting actively the oncological pathology.     

Visualization of Connexin 43-positive cells of glioma and the periglioma zone by means of intravenously injected monoclonal antibodies

The selectivity of monoclonal antibodies against the E2 extracellular fragment of connexin 43 (Cx43) for a glioma focus was studied in in vivo experiments on animals with intracranial C6 glioma. Antibodies labeled with two alternative labels, the radioisotope (125)I and the fluorophore Alexa 660, were intravenously injected to rats with 18-day gliomas. Seventy-two hours after injection, (125)I-labeled antibodies accumulated in the hemisphere where the glioma was located to a concentration of 0.27?±?0.01% of the injected dose per gram of wet weight, which exceeded their accumulation in the liver, spleen, and other organs. Fluorescent-labeled antibodies against the Cx43 fragment E2 specifically visualized cells in the peritumoral astroglial bank (a zone of active invasion of glioma cells). Double immunofluorescent visualization using antibodies against the Cx43 fragment E2 and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) showed that only a small proportion of the cells that bound the antibodies injected into the blood circulation were reactive astrocytes, whereas most of these cells were GFAP-negative and morphologically corresponded to astroblasts. These results suggest that antibodies against the extracellular Cx43 fragment E2 can be used for targeted transport of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs to the peritumoral invasion zone of high-grade gliomas.     

Immunofluorescent Analysis of Connexin-43 Using Monoclonal Antibodies to Its Extracellular Domain

Immunofluorescent analysis of connexin-43 was carried out on preparations of fixed and living cultures of rat and human glioma cells, HEK293 cells, and frozen sections of the rat brain with experimental glioma using monoclonal antibodies to recombinant extracellular fragment of connexin-43 (E2 second extracellular loop). These monoclonal antibodies visualized membrane and cytoplasmic pools of connexin-43 in preparations fixed with paraformaldehyde. Incubation of monoclonal antibodies to E2 extracellular loop with living cells led to visualization of only connexin hemichannels on cell membranes. No immunofluorescence characteristic of dimer connexons, organizing the gap junction, was detected. This fact indicates that antibodies to connexin-43 extracellular loop E2, obtained in our study, specifically react with target antigen solely at the stage of connexon presentation on the membrane in the form of hemichannels. These monoclonal antibodies can be used for immunophenotyping and sorting of connexin-43-positive cells in vitro and as the guide molecules in addressed delivery of diagnostic preparations and drugs to glioma cells in vivo.     

The effect of myelopeptide on the functional activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes]

The authors studied the properties of myelopeptide (MP) which is a stimulant of antibody production of bone marrow origin. It is shown that MP possesses marked chemotactic activity in relation to polymorphonuclear leukocytes. MP may apparently be a regulator of cell activation by anaphylatoxins. MP intensifies lysosomal secretion by blood leukocytes. On acting on mononuclears, MP induces fibrinolytic activity which is not characteristic of this cell population under physiological conditions. A maximal effect is achieved with MP concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. The possibility of clinical application of MP may therefore be expanded because the agent has an effect not only on processes of antibody production, but possesses a wider action, being, evidently, a mediator providing for immune intensification of cell effector mechanisms of inflammation realization, which is important in the management of inflammation in immunodeficiency.