Angiomyolipoma of the uterus associated with tuberous sclerosis: case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign tumor that occurs most commonly in the kidney. Only a few cases have been described in the uterus. CASE: We describe a 32-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis who presented with irregular bleeding. Preoperatively, the lesions were confused with leiomyoma on ultrasound. At laparotomy, multiple circumscribed subserosal and intramural purplish lesions on the corpus uteri were noted leading to a diagnosis of uterine angiomyolipoma with the histological and immunohistochemical findings. CONCLUSION: In contrast to other reported uterine angiomyolipoma cases, HMB-45 melanoma-specific antibody immunoreactivity is demonstrated in the present case. The histopathologic diagnosis as well as immunohistochemical analysis is discussed here with a review of the literature.     

Pentraxin 3 concentrations of the mothers with preterm premature rupture of membranes and their neonates,and early neonatal outcome

Background: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase reactant which has been used to detect intra-amniotic infections (IAI) in pregnancy, but the prognostic value of PTX3 concentrations on neonates has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal PTX3–neonatal PTX3 concentrations and early neonatal outcome.

Methods: The mothers diagnosed with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) (n?=?28) and their preterm infants (n?=?28) were included in the study. PTX3 concentrations were studied in plasma in the maternal peripheral blood and umbilical/peripheral vein in the neonates. The relationship between the mPTX3–nPTX3 concentrations and neonatal outcome were investigated using non-parametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results: The mean mPTX3 concentration was 10.35?±?7.82?μg/L. Ten (35.7%) of all mothers were within the normal range and 18 (64.3%) in high percentile (≥97.5 percentile). There was no relation between mPTX3 concentrations and clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis, latency of PPROM, and early neonatal outcome. Mean nPTX3 concentrations was 9.18?±?7.83?μg/L and high nPTX3 concentrations were detected in five (17.8%) neonates. nPTX3 concentrations were inversely correlated with gestational age and correlated with rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality. Neonates with high nPTX3 concentrations also have lowered APGAR scores, increased rate of respiratory distress syndrome, clinical sepsis, IVH, necrotizing enterocolitis and prolonged NICU stay.

Conclusion: High PTX3 concentrations of the newborns are associated with some worsened early neonatal outcome including lower gestational age at delivery, increased rate of IVH and mortality. Maternal PTX3 concentrations are not an adequate marker in defining clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis and early neonatal outcome.     

Evaluation of salivary total oxidant-antioxidant status and DNA damage of children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy

Objective:To determine the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and their interrelationship in the saliva of children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.Materials and Methods:Thirty children were randomly divided into three groups. The attachments were bonded to all of the teeth using three different orthodontic composites: Transbond XT, Kurasper F, and GrenGloo. The salivary levels of TOS, TAS, and 8-OHdG were determined three times, as follows: before treatment (T₁) and at 1 month (T₂) and 3 months (T₃) following appliance placement. All data were statistically analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences in TOS, TAS, and 8-OHdG within the same time periods among the three different orthodontic composites (P > .05). TAS in all composite groups decreased over time. These decreases were found to be significant for Kurasper F and GrenGloo at the T₁–T₃ and T₂–T₃ time periods (P < .05). In all composite groups 8-OHdG decreased between T₁ and T₂ (P < .05). However, 8-OHdG in all composite groups increased from T₂ to T₃. These differences in 8-OHdG were significant in Kurasper F and GrenGloo (P < .05).Conclusions:Fixed orthodontic appliances bonded with the tested composites did not increase the cytotoxicity markers in saliva.     

Cortical inputs innervate calbindin‐immunoreactive interneurons of the rat basolateral amygdaloid complex

The present study was undertaken to shed light on the synaptic organization of the rat basolateral amygdala (BLA). The BLA contains multiple types of GABAergic interneurons that are differentially connected with extrinsic afferents and other BLA cells. Previously, it was reported that parvalbumin immunoreactive (PV⁺) interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from principal BLA cells but very few cortical inputs, implying a prevalent role in feedback inhibition. However, because prior physiological studies indicate that cortical afferents do trigger feedforward inhibition in principal cells, the present study aimed to determine whether a numerically important subtype of interneurons, expressing calbindin (CB⁺), receives cortical inputs. Rats received injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) in the perirhinal cortex or adjacent temporal neocortex. Light and electron microscopic observations of the relations between cortical inputs and BLA neurons were performed in the lateral (LA) and basolateral (BL) nuclei. Irrespective of the injection site (perirhinal or temporal neocortex) and target nucleus (LA or BL), ～90% of cortical axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses with dendritic spines of principal BLA neurons, while 10% contacted the dendritic shafts of presumed interneurons, half of which were CB⁺. Given the previously reported pattern of CB coexpression among GABAergic interneurons of the BLA, these results suggest that a subset of PV‐immunonegative cells that express CB, most likely the somatostatin‐positive interneurons, are important mediators of cortically evoked feedforward inhibition in the BLA. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1915–1928, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Higher expression of the novel gene upregulated gene 4 in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with poor prednisolone response

Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis is important for a better understanding of the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Studies have shown that the expression of upregulated gene 4 (URG4), which promotes cell growth and survival, is increased in different types of carcinomas including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer and osteosarcoma. Similarly, higher expression of URG4 and cyclin D1 gene might promote proliferation of the blast cells by causing escape from the G1 checkpoint and entry into the S phase. This study reports the high expression level of URG4 in 2 high-risk ALL patients for the first time in the literature. In conclusion, the higher expression of URG4 in our 2 patients suggests that URG4 might be involved in leukemogenesis. Future studies with a large number of high-risk ALL patients and cell culture studies are needed to demonstrate the exact role of URG4 in leukemogenesis.