Nicardipine improves myocardial perfusion in systemic sclerosis

Primary scleroderma myocardial disease may be due in part to myocardial ischemia caused by a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation. We evaluated the effect of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine on myocardial perfusion assessed by thallium-201 scanning in 16 patients with systemic sclerosis. Thallium-201 single photon emission computerized tomography was performed at baseline and 90 min after 40 mg of oral nicardipine. The mean (+/- SD) number of left ventricular segments with perfusion defects significantly decreased from 6.0 +/- 2.0 at baseline to 4.1 +/- 2.3 after nicardipine (p less than 0.01). The mean global perfusion score significantly increased from 10.2 +/- 1.9 at baseline to 11.9 +/- 2.6 after nicardipine (p less than 0.02). Our study demonstrates short-term improvement in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion with nicardipine in patients with systemic sclerosis.     

In vitro behavior of human nonfertile semen in isoosmotic and hyperosmotic media

High-ionic-strength media are known to favor rapid capacitation and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa in vitro. The influence of isoosmolar (N-BWW) and hyperosmolar (H-BWW) media on the percent motility, forward progression, and zona-free hamster egg penetration has been investigated for 148 semen from patients consulting for male or idiopathic sterility. After 15 h of incubation, the hyperosmotic medium had no significant detrimental effect on the percent motility of spermatozoa, although the forward progression was better maintained in the isoosmolar medium. In general egg penetration was increased when spermatozoa were treated with the hypertonic medium, and in particular 5 patients whose semen showed no penetration when treated with N-BWW scored greater than 12% when treated with H-BWW. For the 23 subjects who had an IVF at the same period, a good agreement with zona-free egg penetration was found in 70% of the cases.     

High levels of functional endopeptidase 24.11 (CD10) activity on human thymocytes: preferential expression on immature subsets.

Although it is now well established that cells of the immune system express most of the exopeptidases described so far, little information is available concerning the identification and the characterization of the peptidases associated with the surface of human thymocytes. In the present study we have focused on CD10 expression on thymocytes using both FACS and enzymatic analysis. Unfractionated intact human thymocytes were shown to express significant levels of CD10-specific enzymatic activity, as assessed by the hydrolysis of the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA and of D-Ala2-Leu-enkephalin, a typical NEP substrate. CD10 activity was abolished by specific NEP inhibitors, including thiorphan, retrothiorphan and phosphoramidon. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that intact thymocytes and purified NEP hydrolysed thymopentin, a thymic factor known to induce the maturation of prothymocytes into thymocytes. Finally, CD 10/NEP was preferentially associated with CD3- CD3low and immature CD4- CD8- thymocytes. The data demonstrate for the first time that human thymocytes express functional NEP and suggest a role for this enzyme in the maturation of human thymocytes.     

Geometric austin osteotomy

Hallux valgus correction utilizing first metatarsal osteotomies is briefly reviewed by the author. A modification of the Austin "V" procedure is presented, using basic geometric principles. Five patients are reported with successful results.     

Recognition of an extensive range of IgE-reactive proteins in cod extract

Allergy to fish is one of the most common food allergies. Gad c 1 is the only fish allergen which has been purified and characterized. Other allergens have been detected by Western blot in cod extracts. We have now improved the Western-blot procedure in order to characterize fish IgE-reactive proteins from extracts prepared under different conditions: pre-rigor mortis and postrigor mortis. EDTA addition or not. and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Several IgE-reactive protein bands have been identified over a wide molecular-weight range. In particular, the 104- and 130-kDa IgEreactive protein bands were detected. These new bands may correspond to aggregates, as EDTA increased the relative amount of the 60-, 67-, 104-, and 130-kDa IgE-reactive protein bands in Western blot. All these bands were also detected by an antiparvalbumin monoclonal antibody, specific to the first calcium-binding site. The longer period of storage increased the relative amounts of the 41-, 80-, 104-. and 130-kDa IgE-reactive protein bands. The 18-kDa band was detected only in fish stored for several days. In conclusion, we have described IgE-reactive protein bands over a wide molecular-weight range (12–130 kDa) in Western blot of cod extract, and shown that EDTA and storage conditions may influence the relative distribution of IgE-reactive protein bands.     

Influence of co-culture with established human endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines on sperm movement characteristics

The effects of co-culture of human spermatozoa with human immortalized endometrial cells - epithelial or stromal - on sperm movement characteristics, including hyperactivation, were studied using computer- assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Epithelial and stromal cell types could be separated following 8-10 days of culture of endometrial cells originating from human biopsies. Both cell types were immortalized by the SV 40 large T antigen. Co-incubation of sperm with epithelial and stromal monolayers enhanced the rate of hyperactivation: 24.9% (P <0.05) and 17.8% (P = 0.05) versus 9.5% as control, respectively, whereas the majority of motility parameters remained unchanged. Conditioned media had no effect upon sperm parameters, including hyperactivation. Co-incubation with either monolayer was able to maintain sperm motility over a longer period than incubation in control medium alone. In four patients whose spermatozoa did not exhibit hyperactivation, co-incubation with epithelial cells, but not conditioned medium, allowed normal rates of hyperactivation (range: 6.9- 15.6%).      

Determinants of biosecurity practices in French duck farms after a H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza epidemic: The effect of farmer knowledge,attitudes and personality traits

Biosecurity is crucial for infectious disease prevention, more importantly in the absence of vaccination. The need for improving the implementation of biosecurity practices was highlighted in French duck farms following the 2016–2017 H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) epidemic. Farmers have multiple reasons for not implementing biosecurity practices: external (time, money) and internal (socio‐psychological). The purpose of this study was to determine how sets of socio‐psychological factors (i.e. knowledge on biosecurity and avian influenza transmission, attitudes, personality traits, social background) affect the adoption of on‐farm biosecurity practices. Biosecurity practices and socio‐psychological determinants were assessed during 127 duck farm visits, in South West France, using both questionnaires and on‐farm observations. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) identified three groups of farmers with different socio‐psychological profiles: the first group was characterized by minimal knowledge, negative attitudes towards biosecurity, little social pressure and a low level of conscientiousness. The second group was characterized by more extensive experience in poultry production, higher stress and social pressure. The third group was characterized by less experience in poultry production, better knowledge and positive attitudes towards biosecurity, increased self‐confidence and orientation towards action. The first group had a significantly lower adoption of biosecurity measures than the two other groups. A better understanding of the factors involved in farmers' decision‐making could improve the efficiency of interventions aiming at improving and maintaining the level of on‐farm biosecurity in the duck industry.     

Early variations of circulating interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels during thoracic radiotherapy are predictive for radiation pneumonitis.

PURPOSE: To investigate variations of circulating serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) during three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and correlate these variations with the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients receiving 3D-CRT for stage I to III disease were evaluated prospectively. Circulating cytokine levels were determined before, every 2 weeks during, and at the end of treatment. Radiation pneumonitis was evaluated prospectively between 6 and 8 weeks after 3D-CRT. The predictive value of clinical, dosimetric, and biologic (cytokine levels) factors was evaluated both in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Forty patients (44%) experienced score 1 or more radiation pneumonitis. No association was found between baseline cytokine levels and the risk of radiation pneumonitis. In the whole population, mean levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, and IL-10 remained stable during radiotherapy. IL-6 levels were significantly higher (P = .047) during 3D-CRT in patients with radiation pneumonitis. In the multivariate analysis, covariations of IL-6 and IL-10 levels during the first 2 weeks of 3D-CRT were evidenced as independently predictive of radiation pneumonitis in this series (P = .011). CONCLUSION: Early variations of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during 3D-CRT are significantly associated with the risk of radiation pneumonitis. Variations of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during 3D-CRT may serve as independent predictive factors for this complication.