Ein Fall eines dystopischen Ovar bei einem Neugeborenen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der formalen Genese

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein unter die Serosa des Corpus uteri versprengtes Ovarium bei einem Neugeborenen mit mehrfachen Mi?bildungen beschrieben. Im Mittelpunkt des formalgenetischen Geschehens steht ein linksseitiger, angeborener Zwerchfelldefekt, der durch eine Entwicklungshemmung der lateralen Septa pleuroperitonealia und das Offenbleiben des Foramen pleuroperitoneale bedingt ist. Da Keimdrüse und Zwerchfell Urnieren-anteile zur Entwicklung ben?tigen und ihre Entwicklung zu einem ann?hernd gleichen Zeitpunkt im fetalen Leben erfolgt, wird eine Entwicklungsst?rung besonders im kranialen Teil der Urniere angenommen. Folge dieser ist die Versprengung der Urgeschlechtszellen unter die Serosa des Corpus uteri mit Entwicklung eines Ovar an dieser Stelle. Als teratogenetische Determinationsperiode kommt der erste Fetalmonat in Betracht. Als kausale Genese ist eine keimplasmatisch bedingte Entwicklungshemmung anzunehmen. Mit 6, zum Teil farbigen, Abbildungen im Text.     

Treatment of the anemia of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human erythropoietin: clinical and in vitro studies

Two anemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) for 5 months. Both patients showed significant increases in hematocrit, red cell volumes, and marrow erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells. No significant toxic effects from EPO were observed. These data indicate that EPO may be effective in overcoming the pathogenetic factors that limit erythropoiesis in rheumatoid arthritis.     

Influence of failed arterial reconstruction on the outcome of major limb amputation.

BACKGROUND. Unsuccessful vascular repair may further preexisting limb ischemia and thus increase the risk of revascularization procedures. METHODS. The results of 94 primary major amputations (group A) have been analyzed and compared with 112 secondary ablations (group B) carried out after failed revascularization efforts. All patients suffered from chronic critical ischemia (grades III and IV) of the lower extremities. In group A the severity of ischemic symptoms was more pronounced (trophic changes in 80% vs 66% in group B), and a preponderance for older age, diabetes mellitus, and incidence of cardiac failure and cerebrovascular insufficiency was evident. RESULTS. In patients undergoing secondary amputation the final transection level was adversely affected by preceding unsuccessful reconstructive attempts. In spite of the better risk profile, 30% of patients in group B were subjected to above-knee amputation compared with 13% of patients in group A. The aggravated limb ischemia caused by graft failure is reflected by the decrease of the mean ankle systolic pressure index from 0.27 to 0.13 (before and after failed revascularization attempts). Although more amputations at the below-knee level were performed initially in group A, primary wound healing was obtained among these subjects in 68% of patients (compared with only 39% for patients in group B). CONCLUSIONS. In a substantial number of cases preexisting limb ischemia may be promoted by failed attempts at vascular reconstruction, thus leading to severe wound healing complications and a higher level of amputation.     

CD40 ligation induces tissue factor expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are important regulators of blood and lymphatic vessel growth and vascular permeability. Both blood and lymphatic vessels of the upper respiratory tract play important roles in pathological conditions, such as infections and tumors. Here we have studied the expression of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR-3 in the upper respiratory system by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of human tissues, and in situ mRNA hybridization of developing mouse embryos and β-galactosidase staining of mouse embryos having a LacZ marker gene in the VEGFR-3 gene locus. The results demonstrate expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the developing and adult nasal respiratory epithelium and in the nasal vascular plexus, respectively. Unlike in most other tissues, in the nasal mucosa VEGFR-3 is expressed in both blood and lymphatic vessels. Expression of VEGF-C was also detected in nasal and nasopharyngeal tumor islands, which were surrounded by VEGFR-3-positive angiogenic blood vessels. These results suggest that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 have a role in the development of the nasal submucosal vascular plexus and in its normal function and that they are associated with angiogenesis in nasal and nasopharyngeal tumors.     

The effect of elevated intracranial pressure on the vibrational response of the ovine head

Although potentially fatal increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) can occur in a number of pathological conditions, there is no reliable and noninvasive procedure to detect ICP elevation and quantitatively monitor changes over time. In this experimental study, the relationships between ICP elevation and the vibrational response of the head were determined. An ovine animal model was employed in which incremental increases in ICP were elicited and directly measured through intraventricular cannulae. At each ICP increment, a vibration source elicited a flexural response of the animal's head that was measured at four locations on the skull using accelerometers. Spectral analysis of the responses showed changes in proportion to ICP change up to roughly 20 cm H₂O (15 mm Hg) above normal; a clinically significant range. Both magnitude and phase changes at frequencies between 4 and 7 kHz correlated well (γ>0.92) with ICP across the study group. These findings suggest that the vibrational response of the head can be used to monitor changes in ICP noninvasively.     

Impedance-gradient electrode reduces skin irritation induced by transthoracic defibrillation

A new type of disposable external defibrillation electrode has been developed to reduce the skin irritation commonly associated with defibrillation and synchronised cardioversion. This design employs an impedance gradient to reduce the proportion of current delivered to the electrode periphery. The temperature distribution under the new electrode was compared with that of four other types of commercially available electrodes after repeated high-energy biphasic defibrillation discharges to domestic swine. Skin temperature distributions were acquired using non-invasive thermography. Measurements of the maximum temperature rise at each electrode site, taken 3.6s after the fifth defibrillation discharge, demonstrated that the new impedance-gradient electrode produced 50–60% less skin heating than two of the three uniform-impedance electrode designs. Histological examination of erythematous sites excised 24h after defibrillation quantified the associated skin damage using a scoring protocol developed for this study. In contrast to previous studies, histological examinations demonstrated second-degree skin burns following defibrillation. The new electrode design, however, induced 44–46% less skin damage than two of the traditional uniform-impedance electrodes.     

Damaged chromatin does not prevent the exit from metaphase I in fused mouse oocytes

The presence of checkpoint mechanisms which are able to recognize damaged chromatin and thereafter to prevent exit from metaphase I has been investigated in giant mouse oocytes produced by fusion of a normal metaphase I oocyte with an equivalent oocyte with damaged chromatin. The presence of damaged chromatin did not prevent the onset of anaphase I in both sets of chromatin in the fused cells. Interestingly, fused or unfused cells containing only damaged chromatin failed to enter anaphase and persisted instead in a metaphase-like state. These results demonstrate the fragility of checkpoint controls in mammalian female germ cells.