创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点、发病机制与治疗。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月～2005年6月年收治的17例迟发性脑肿胀患者的临床特点和救治情况。结果 所有颅脑损伤患者采用保守治疗后均有好转，但于伤后5-10d出现恶化，CT复查有脑肿胀，经加强综合脱水等治疗后16例治愈，1例死亡。结论 迟发性脑肿胀好发于对冲性额、颞叶挫裂伤伴明显蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下薄层血肿及早期CT有脑肿胀者。其发病机制可能与创伤后的迟发性脑血管痉挛、微循环障碍、静脉回流障碍及甘露醇作用下降等因素有关。此类患者病情隐蔽性强，应加强观察、积极行CT复查，如能早期明确诊断，保守治疗多数效果良好。     

Effect of ethanol on sustained attention in rats

 Acute exposure to ethanol produces deficits in sustained attention in humans, but these attentional deficits have not been modeled in animals. In this study, an operant task was used to investigate the effects of low and moderate doses of ethanol on sustained attention in rats. Performance on a two-choice reaction time task over a 1-h session was assessed immediately following administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg IP). Each rat was required to respond to a light stimulus of variable duration (20, 100, and 500 ms) occurring at one of two locations. Under control and saline conditions, increases in stimulus length systematically increased choice accuracy and decreased reaction time. Ethanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in choice accuracy that interacted with time, with an initial impairment that was stimulus length-dependent followed by a general vigilance decrement. The data demonstrate that ethanol impaired the ability of rats to direct and sustain attention to brief, infrequent stimuli, and provide a model for further investigations into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms for ethanol-induced attentional deficits. Received: 19 March 1996 / Final version: 30 August 1996     

Retrorenal colon: implications for percutaneous diskectomy

It has been recommended that computed tomography (CT) with the patient prone be performed in every patient undergoing percutaneous diskectomy; this would enable detection of a retrorenal location of the colon, which could interfere with the percutaneous procedure. In this evaluation of 346 prone CT studies, only one patient (0.29%) was found to have retrorenal or retropsoas bowel that would have been perforated at diskectomy. Because of this extremely low prevalence, the performance of prone CT in every patient undergoing percutaneous lumbar diskectomy is not believed to be necessary.     

A randomized comparison of umbilical vein and intravenous oxytocin during the puerperium

Oxytocin was administered in a randomized fashion via either the umbilical or maternal intravenous route. Women who received intraumbilical oxytocin had significantly greater calculated blood loss compared with those who received peripheral administration (P = .01). This greater blood loss was confirmed by a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations after delivery. There was no difference between the groups in the length of the third stage of labor. The incidence of fetomaternal transfusion was higher in the intraumbilical group (P = .07). We conclude that intraumbilical oxytocin is no more beneficial than peripheral administration.     

肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒IgE和IgA抗体检测

采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测２３名肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）抗体，共检出１８名（７８％）活动性ＣＭＶ感染，其中１０名（４４％）为原发性感染。结果证实ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＥ和－ＩｇＡ具有较好的血清学诊断价值，优于ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ。     

GGA1 acts as a spatial switch altering amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-site of APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase to release the Abeta peptides that accumulate in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GGA1, a member of the Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing ARF-binding (GGA) protein family, interacts with BACE and influences its subcellular distribution. We now report that overexpression of GGA1 in cells increased the APP C-terminal fragment resulting from beta-cleavage but surprisingly reduced Abeta. GGA1 confined APP to the Golgi, in which fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggest that the proteins come into close proximity. GGA1 blunted only APP but not notch intracellular domain release. These results suggest that GGA1 prevented APP beta-cleavage products from becoming substrates for gamma-secretase. Direct binding of GGA1 to BACE was not required for these effects, but the integrity of the GAT (GGA1 and TOM) domain of GGA1 was. GGA1 may act as a specific spatial switch influencing APP trafficking and processing, so that APP-GGA1 interactions may have pathophysiological relevance in AD.