陈祖皋以子午流注论治内伤咳嗽医案 3 则

陈祖皋先生,系原浙江省绍兴市人民医院中医科医生,乃绍兴当代名医,师承于绍兴当代名医潘文藻,是绍派伤寒医家何廉臣的再传弟子。从事中医内科临床工作五十余载,组方灵活,源出经典,学验俱丰,造诣甚深,重于实践,师古不泥,遣药组方不拘一格,圆机活法,随证而治,疗效显著。     

油茶皂甙对实验动物造血机能的影响

目的：研究油茶皂甙对豚鼠和罗非鱼造血功能的影响。方法：比较油茶皂甙（1mg/kg）处理前和处理后豚鼠红细胞和血红蛋白量计数变化。罗非鱼分对照组和油茶皂甙处理组，分别在清水和含1ppm油茶皂甙水饲养6天后，再同时置入清水中净养，观察其存活20％的最高温度。结果：豚鼠用药前后红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量改变轻微，无明显统计学差异（P＞0．05），对照组和油茶皂甙处理组罗非鱼在清水中饲养的耐受最高温度为41．5℃，但在含油茶皂甙水中能耐受的最主温度为36℃。结论：油茶皂甙可短暂，轻微地降低红细胞和血红蛋白，但并不影响造血功能。     

乳腺浸润性小叶癌超声特征与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性研究

[目的]本研究旨在探讨乳腺浸润性小叶癌(Invasive lobular carcinoma,ILC)患者腋窝淋巴结转移(axillary lymph node metastasis, ALNM)的超声特征及其他参数影响因素。[方法]收集病理已证实为ILC且术前行超声检查的病例91例,根据有无腋窝淋巴结转移分为ALNM组和无ALNM组,采用回顾性研究,收集患者的超声图像特征、术前CA153以及免疫指标等。[结果] 91例ILC患者中,45例发生ALNM,46例未发生ALNM。单因素x_²分析显示,病灶>23.5mm、纵横比≧1、周边高回声晕等超声特征,以及术前CA153>6.5U/ml与ALNM有关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,周边高回声晕和术前CA153>6.5U/ml是影响ILC患者ALNM的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。[结论]周边高回声晕和术前CA153>6.5U/ml是影响ILC患者发生ALNM的独立危险因素,可作为临床实践参考指标。     

Effects of "non-quantal" acetylcholine on the sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane: action of ouabain and imitation of these effects by exogenous acetylcholine]

Development of postsynaptic potentiation (PSP) and desensitization (DS) caused by "non-quantal" acetylcholine after acetylcholinesterase inhibition was studied by means of ouabain, an agent known to modulate (initially increase and then decrease) the level of non-quantal secretion of ACh. Ouabain had no effect on the MEPC parameters when AChE was active. After AChE inhibition ouabain initially increased the decay time constant of MEPC (tau), i.e. caused postsynaptic potentiation (PSP). This effect of ouabain grew with time between inhibition of AChE and application of ouabain. The PSP stage was followed by shortening of MEPCs decay, due to the development of desensitization (DS), and that process was more pronounced than in control. Applied before AChE inhibition, ouabain had no effect on tau. Thus neither PSP nor DS developed under those conditions. Exogenous ACh (20 nmol/l) applied simultaneously with inhibitor of AChE partially prevented the shortening of MEPCs decay, but decreased the amplitude of MEPC. Applied after MEPCs shortening, exogenous ACh (50 nmol/l) tended to return the initial value of tau. It is concluded that nonquantal ACh produces PSP and DS on the postsynaptic membrane after inhibition of ACh and that the DS persists after cessation of nonquantal secretion for a long time.     

CIK细胞临床应用技术规范探讨

 细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokin induced killer cells，CIK细胞）因具有体外增殖倍数高、抗瘤谱广、杀瘤活性强、副作用极小等特点而受到关注。研究表明，CIK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用是LAK细胞的100倍[1]。CIK细胞过继性免疫治疗是肿瘤治疗中的一项新技术，目前已逐步在临床上应用，因此，制订科学、严格的技术规范对该技术的正确使用及推广意义重大。但迄今国内还没有关于CIK细胞培养和临床应用的统一技术规范。无锡旺庄医院生物治疗中心参考国家食品药品监督管理局1999年制订的《新生物制品审批办法》和美国FDA 1998年制订的《人体细胞治疗和基因治疗指导原则》，结合数年的CIK细胞临床应用经验，制订出我们的CIK细胞临床应用技术规范，现介绍如下，供同行切磋和讨论，以期促成全国性统一技术规范的早日制定。     

采用永磁悬浮的永久性左心室辅助装置

研制出一台采用永磁轴承的左心室辅助装置（LVAD）。该装置包括一个定子和一个转子，采用径向驱动方式；转子包括驱动磁钢和叶轮，电机定子线圈和泵壳组成定子。装置设计采用了一种特殊结构的永磁轴承。转子的位置测量表明，转子稳定悬浮的前提条件是必须有较高的转速（大于3250r／min）且流量大于1L/min。用猪血为介质所做的液动力测试表明，当转速达到3500r／min～4000r／min时，血泵输出流量达到4L/min～6L/min，输出压力达到100mmHg。该装置重200g，最大处直径为40mm。     

End-plate currents evoked by paired stimuli in frog muscle fibres

Using voltage-clamp techniques spontaneously occuring miniature end-plate currents (mepc) and nerve-evoked end-plate currents (epc) were recorded in frog glycerol-treated or cut muscle preparations. Epcs were induced by pairs of stimuli (the delay of the 2nd stimulus, t being 6 ms–30 s; one pair was delivered every 60–90 s). The decay time constant of the epc (_epc) was longer, the larger its quantal content despite the presence of active acetylcholinesterase (AChE). After treatment with anticholinesterases (prostigmine or armin, an irreversible inhibitor) this increase in _epc became more pronounced. When AChE was fully active the decay of the 1st epc ₁ was slightly faster than the decay of the 2nd epc ₂ only when the interstimulus interval was rather short (t<20 ms). Following treatment with anticholinesterases this difference between ₂ and ₁ could be determined even when t was as long as 30 s. In anticholinesterase-treated preparations was found to be inversely proportional to log t: a 50% increase in the decay time-constant of the 2nd epc occurred with t=120 ms. During continuous stimulation (10 impulses/s) _epc increased from the 1st to the 5–6th responses, but then decreased in parallel with the fall in the epc amplidude. The phenomenon of postsynaptic potentiation we observed could be readily abolished when quantal content was decreased by the presence of magnesium ions, but it was relatively unaffected when the receptor density was decreased by -bungarotoxin (-BuTX).The possible existence is discussed of two kinds of repetitive binding of ACh molecules, first, to free cholinoreceptors (a process which could be inhibited by -BuTX) and, second, to a complex of the cholinoreceptor plus one molecule of ACh (a process which is less sensitive to -BuTX blocking action).     

血浆置换治疗重型肝炎疗效观察

目的 评价应用血浆置换治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法 对48例重型肝炎患在综合保肝治疗基础上给予血浆置换治疗。结果 早期好转率85．71％，中期好转率33．33％，差异具有显性。结论 血浆置换是重肝较为安全有效的治疗手段，早期应用效果尤佳。     

大肠癌VEGF和CD44V6及E-cadherin表达的差异及意义

目的 :探讨大肠癌术前活检、浸润前缘和转移灶癌组织血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendothelialgrowthfactor ,VEGF)、CD44选择性拼接变异体 6(CD44Variant 6,CD44V6)和E上皮型钙黏附素 (E cadherin)表达的差异以及与大肠癌浸润转移的关系。方法 :检测 94例大肠癌术前活检、浸润前缘癌组织和 48例转移灶癌组织VEGF、CD44V6和E cadherin的表达。结果 :术前活检癌组织VEGF、CD44V6的阳性表达率低于浸润前缘癌组织 ( 4 6 8%、3 8 3 %vs 5 6 4%、48 9% ) ;转移灶癌组织VEGF、CD44V6的阳性表达率与浸润前缘癌组织相近 ( 5 8 3 %、5 0 %vs 5 6 4%、48 9% )。术前活检癌组织VEGF的阳性表达率与大肠癌Duke’s分期、淋巴结转移有关 ;浸润前缘癌组织VEGF的阳性表达率与大肠癌Duke’s分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。术前活检和浸润前缘癌组织CD44V6的阳性表达率与大肠癌Duke’s分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。E cadherin在术前活检、浸润前缘和转移灶癌组织中的阳性表达率相近 ( 5 9 6%、5 2 1%和5 8 3 % ) ,E cadherin的表达与大肠癌生物学行为无关。结论 :浸润前缘癌组织和术前活检癌组织VEGF和CD44V6的表达与大肠癌生物学行为有关。VEGF、CD44V6在浸润前缘癌组织的表达比术前活检癌组织的表达更能反映大肠癌浸