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Flemming M. Nilsson Birgitte L. Hansen Christian Büchel Wagner F. Gattaz Jes Gerlach 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1996,246(2):71-77
Digital movment analysis (DMA) is a new instrumental approach to assessing oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) by means of digital image processing of a video signal, tracking five paper dots placed around the patient's mouth. A total of 40 schizophrenic patients, 30 with and 10 without TD, were examined twice (with a 3-month interval) with this new device. The patients were further examined with two TD rating scales: the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).The schizophrenic patients accepted the instrumental assessment without any anxiety or resistance. The internal relibility of the apparatus was high, with correlation coefficients of 0.80–0.99. The DMA TD values correlated with the SHRS and AIMS scores with correlation coefficients of 0.48–0.73 indicating an acceptable, although not strong, concurrent validity. Fluctuations occurred from the first to the second examination independent of medication. For these fluctuations no correlation was found between DMA values and rating scores. Finally, the DMA device was able to detect perioral tremor as a sign of parkinsonism.It has been concluded that DMA is a useful supplement to classical TD rating, although further validity evaluation is warranted. 相似文献
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H. -J. Möller H. M. van Praag B. Aufdembrinke P. Bailey T. R. E. Barnes J. Beck H. Bentsen F. X. Eich L. Farrow W. W. Fleischhacker J. Gerlach K. Grafford B. Hentschel A. Hertkorn S. Heylen Y. Lecrubier J. P. Leonard P. McKenna W. Maier V. Pedersen A. Rappard W. Rein J. Ryan M. Sloth Nielsen R. -D. Stieglitz G. Wegener J. Wilson 《Psychopharmacology》1994,115(1-2):221-228
There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally. 相似文献
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J. Mäurer A. Kendzia H. Gerlach D. Pappert J. Hierholzer K. J. Falke R. Felix 《Intensive care medicine》1998,24(11):1152-1156
Objective: To determine whether the quality of infiltrations in chest radiographs can accurately predict the histological extent of
fibrotic change in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Design: Retrospective clinical investigation. Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. Patients and methods: Of 47 patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe ARDS over a 5-year period, 23 patients
underwent open lung biopsy at thoracotomy for treatment, mostly of pneumothorax. Chest films obtained by portable chest roentgenography
preceding the operation were reviewed retrospectively and compared to the histomorphological results of the lung specimen.
Results: Chest radiographs displayed mixed alveolar-reticular opacification in 60.2 %, alveolar patterns in 22.9 % and reticular
opacities in 10.5 %. In 0.4 % there were no infiltrates, 6 % could not be evaluated because of insufficient quality. There
was no relevant difference between the right and left lungs. Subdividing patients into two groups according to the histological
results of either absent or mild (1) or severe (2) lung fibrosis, we found an alveolar haziness in 12.3 % in group 1 compared
with 28.2 % in group 2, while reticular characteristics were identified in 13 % and 11 %, respectively. Conclusions: The most common opacity in chest radiographs of patients with severe ARDS treated with ECMO is mixed alveolar-reticular
opacification. Severe lung fibrosis is not positively correlated with a reticular radiographic pattern. ECMO does not lead
to specific radiological changes in conventional radiograms, contrary to clinical findings that treatment with ECMO might
induce pleural or pulmonic haemorrhage, especially in the earlier days when systemic heparinization had to be used instead
of the heparin-coated tube-surfacing.
Received: 24 November 1997 Accepted: 20 July 1998 相似文献
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Chronic exposure of humans to benzene (BZ), a myelotoxin, causes aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. The stromal macrophage that produces interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine essential for hematopoiesis, is a target of BZ's toxicity. Monocyte dysfunction and decreased IL-1 production have been shown to be involved in aplastic anemia in humans. Hydroquinone (HQ), a toxic bone marrow (BM) metabolite of BZ, causes time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of processing of the 34-Kd pre-interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) to the 17-Kd mature cytokine in murine P388D1 macrophages and BM stromal macrophages, as measured by Western immunoblots of cell lysate proteins using a polyclonal rabbit antimurine IL-1 alpha antibody. HQ over a 10-fold concentration range had no effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pre- IL-1 alpha precursor or on cell viability or DNA and protein synthesis. Stromal macrophages obtained from the femoral BM of C57Bl/6 mice exposed to BZ (600 or 800 mg/kg body weight) for 2 days were incapable of processing the 34-Kd pre-IL-1 alpha to the mature 17-Kd cytokine when stimulated in culture with LPS. Stromal macrophages from mice coadministered BZ and indomethacin, a prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) inhibitor that has been shown to prevent BZ-induced myelotoxic and genotoxic effects in mice when coadministered with benzene were able to convert the pre-IL-1 alpha to mature cytokine. Administration of recombinant murine IL-1 alpha (rMuIL-1 alpha) to mice before a dose of BZ that causes severe depression of BM cellularity completely prevents BM depression, most probably by bypassing the inability of the stromal macrophage in BZ-treated animals to process pre-IL-1 alpha to the mature cytokine. 相似文献
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In rodents, serotonin (5-HT) antagonists counteract behavioral and biochemical effects of neuroleptic drugs. Therefore, we have studied the effect of different 5-HT drugs and one anticholinergic drug in acute dystonia in five cebus monkeys chronically treated with haloperidol. Acute dystonia induced by subcutaneous injections of haloperidol was slightly reduced by the 5-HT antagonist methysergide (4.0 mg/kg), while mianserin, ketanserin, and ritanserin (R 55 667; a new selective and potent 5-HT receptor blocker) had no effect. This was contrasted by the marked antidystonic effect of the anticholinergic drug biperiden (0.05-1.0 mg/kg). The 5-HT agonist citalopram, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, had no significant effect. It is concluded that 5-HT antagonists have no useful effect in neuroleptic-induced dystonia. 相似文献
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Platelet aggregability is known to be enhanced and platelet-survival time shortened in smokers when compared with nonsmokers. Up to now it is unknown which of the substances in tobacco smoke are responsible for these effects. To evaluate a possible role of nicotine, rats were chronically treated with the alkaloid (10 mg/kg/day), continuously released from subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. Surprisingly, after 8 weeks, platelet sensitivity toward the aggregating stimulus adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) was markedly reduced. The mean ADP concentration required to induce half the maximum rate of aggregation (EC50) was 0.88 mumol/L in nicotine-treated animals, as compared with 0.67 mumol/L in controls (p less than 0.002). Platelet aggregability remained normal when the rats were treated simultaneously with nicotine and the beta blocker propranolol (3.5 mg/kg/day); for these animals, the mean EC50 for ADP was 0.73 mumol/L. These results are suggestive of a catecholamine-mediated action of nicotine. However, neither the basal levels of cAMP in platelet-rich plasma, nor the cAMP levels attained after stimulation of platelet adenylate cyclase with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), were affected by 8 weeks of treatment with nicotine or nicotine plus propranolol. No effect on platelet aggregation was observed when the rats were treated with nicotine for only 2 weeks, or when nicotine or nicotine plus cotinine were added to platelet-rich plasma in vitro in concentrations equal to those attained in vivo after 8 weeks. Thus, prolonged application of nicotine in vivo caused an inhibition of ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation presumably mediated by beta-catecholaminergic stimulation of platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献