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1.
目的由于卒中风险随着狭窄严重程度的增加而升高,因此认为颈内动脉(ICA)接近闭塞患者的卒中风险很高。在现有的随机试验中,还没有专门针对这种情况进行探讨,因此其处理尚存在争汶。方法:对相关文献进行系统评价。结果:对ICA接近闭塞患者的处理还存在争议:一些学者支持进行干预,而另一些学者则认为存在风险或没有益处而反对进行干预。在ICA接近闭塞的有症状患者中进行一项比较外科治疗与最佳内科治疗的多中心前瞻性随机试验似乎非常困难,因为这类研究需要大量的患者。尽管如此,基于目前的证据,似乎很难拒绝手术治疗。结论:由于目前对ICA接近闭塞患者的最佳处理方案仍存在着争议,因此需要前瞻性观察性研究以证实其在有症状和无症状人群中的患病率以及相关的卒中风险。基于目前的证据,大多数医疗中心选择手术治疗,但它相对干内科治疗的特粱尚右待证章. 相似文献
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Rodgers KE; Girgis W; St Amand K; Campeau J; diZerega GS 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(9):2443-2451
Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and
mortality. In this study, the ability of a variety of lazaroid formulations
[the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid PNU74006F (tirilazad) and the
non-steroidal 2-methylaminochroman derivative PNU83,836E] to reduce i.p.
adhesion formation in three rabbit models was examined. In initial studies,
PNU83836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the site of
injury. In the sidewall and double uterine horn models, PNU83,836E was
administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump for the entire postoperative
interval. In the sidewall model, there was a dose- dependent reduction in
the area of the sidewall injury that was involved in adhesions. In the
double uterine horn model, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet
miniosmotic pump to the area of injury for 1, 2, 3 or 7 days.
Administration for as little as 24 h after surgery significantly reduced
the extent of adhesion formation and the reduction was increased if it was
administered for longer. Further studies were conducted in which various
lazaroid formulations were administered as a bolus at the end of surgery.
In both the sidewall and double uterine horn models, administration of
either PNU83,386E (in citrate buffer) or PNU74006F (in cyclodextrin or
lipid emulsion vehicles) at the end of surgery reduced adhesion formation.
Administration of a bolus of PNU74006F 10 min prior to initiation of
surgery with or without additional treatment at the end of surgery further
increased its efficacy in the reduction of adhesion formation.
Administration of a minimum of 1.5 mg before and after surgery (3 mg total)
was required for maximal efficacy. These studies demonstrate that pre- and
postoperative administration of either a steroidal (PNU74006F) or
non-steroidal (PNU83,836E) lazaroid intraperitoneally reduced the formation
and reformation of postoperative adhesions in three animal models.
相似文献
5.
Autoimmunity to insulin, beta cell dysfunction, and development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
S Srikanta A T Ricker D K McCulloch J S Soeldner G S Eisenbarth J P Palmer 《Diabetes》1986,35(2):139-142
Circulating insulin autoantibodies (INSAAb) were measured in discordant monozygotic twins, first-degree relatives, and other groups at "high risk" for the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and these results correlated with both islet cell antibody (ICAb) status and beta cell function. INSAAb were positive in 31.6% (12 of 38) ICAb-positive subjects but in only 3.1% (3 of 97) ICAb-negative subjects (X2 = 22.4; P less than 0.001). Elevated levels of INSAAb tended to correlate with younger age and were observed in individuals irrespective of the prevailing degree of their beta cell function. Eight of 15 subjects detected to be INSAAb positive have thus far progressed to clinical IDDM (X2 = 18.3; P less than 0.001). Thus, autoantibodies reactive with the insulin molecule (1) appear to constitute an additional serologic marker of ongoing autoimmunity and development of IDDM, and (2) may reflect heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of IDDM. 相似文献
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Renal transplantation has become a treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease. A successful transplant is the result of a combination of several factors acting synergistically, such as the degree of HLA compatibility between donor and the recipient, pretransplant blood transfusions, the recipient''s state of immunoreactivity and sensitization, immunosuppressive therapy given in post operative period etc. Donor selection appears to be the most critical factor for the long term success of the organ graft. In this brief review, some of the important parameters of donor selection in renal transplantation are highlighted.KEY WORDS: Histocompatibility (HLA) matching, Cross match, Sensitization 相似文献
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Emergency and elective embolotherapy of various systemic arteries in 64 patients was carried out at a tertiary centre of Armed Forces. Specific indications were haemoptysis (n=43), preoperative (n=18), haematuria (n=1), epistaxis (n=1) and chemoembolization (n=1). The procedures were performed with gelfoam pellets (n=46), gelfoam pellets and absolute alcohol (n=1), polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) (n=14), steel coils (n=2) and Adriamycin-in-oil emulsion (n=1). Embolotherapy resulted in complete haemostasis in 37 (82.2%) out of 45 cases of haemorrhage. In eight cases (17.8%), it resulted in significant improvement. Complete haemostasis was achieved in both cases of haematuria and epistaxis. Pre-operative embolotherapy resulted in considerable reduction of peroperative blood loss in all the cases. Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular carcinoma resulted in partial regression of the tumour. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and reliability of vascular embolotherapy for control of life threatening haemorrhage and preoperative reduction of lesions.KEY WORDS: Embolization, Embolotherapy, Haemorrhage 相似文献
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用固相法合成了hF-GRP及其15个类似物。全部裂解均用三氟甲磺酸完成。产物总收率60%~80%。对所有合成肽进行了影响离体的小鼠垂体分泌LH的活性筛选。结果表明,当合成肽的浓度为0.05mmol/L时:(1)将hF-GRP的C端COOH变成CONH2,活性变化不大;(2)C端残基Asn14被Phe替换后刺激垂体分泌LH的活性明显高于hF-GRP;(3)Thr3被Tyr替换后片段hF-GRP(3~13)有抑制LH分泌的活性;(4)其余类似物与空白对照相似。 相似文献
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