Überregionale Public-Health-Akteure in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Kategorisierung

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Akteure der öffentlichen Gesundheit (Public Health) tragen wesentlich zu Gesundheitsschutz, -förderung und...     

The proteome microenvironment determines the protective effect of preconditioning in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

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Reoperation rates and risk factors for revision 4 years after dynamic stabilization of the lumbar spine

Background Context

The concept of dynamic stabilization (DS) of the lumbar spine for treatment of degenerative instability has been introduced almost two decades ago. Dynamic stabilization follows the principle of controlling movement in the coronal plane by providing load transfer of the spinal segment without fusion and, at the same time, reducing side effects such as adjacent segment disease (ASD). So far, only little is known about revision rates after DS due to ASD and screw loosening (SL).

Effect of conjugated estrogens on platelet function and prostacyclin generation in CRF

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study, we investigated in seven patients with chronic renal failure the effect of conjugated estrogens (0.6 mg/kg/day for 5 days) on template bleeding time and on thromboxane A2 (TxA2), beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and prostacyclin (PGI2) concentrations in blood emerging from the template bleeding time incisions. Administration of conjugated estrogens resulted in a significant shortening of the bleeding time in six out of seven patients with a maximum effect 7 and/or 14 days following treatment. Both TxA2 (measured as thromboxane B2, TxB2) and beta-TG release in bleeding time blood were significantly higher following administration of conjugated estrogens as compared to placebo administration. No difference was seen in endothelial PGI2 (measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) formation when patients were treated with conjugated estrogens as compared to placebo administration over the 28 day observation period. We conclude that in patients with chronic renal failure, infusion of conjugated estrogens results in a significant shortening of the bleeding time together with an increase in platelet reactivity, as indicated by an increase of TxA2 and beta-TG concentration in the microvasculature. No effect was seen on PGI2 production, thereby excluding a major effect on vascular prostaglandin metabolism.     

Selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells by chronic application of bismuth

The heavy metal bismuth induces a new type of selective neuronal degeneration that shares some common aspects with that seen following hypoxia and ischemia. Continuous application of 3 μm bismuth to organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus resulted after 2–3 weeks in selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells, while CA3 pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and subicular neurons were resistant. With 10 μm MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA-antagonist, during the entire culturing period failed to prevent neuronal degeneration induced by 3 μm bismuth. GABA-immunoreactive interneurons were also affected by bismuth, but were generally less sensitive than CA1 pyramidal cells. Acute application of up to 100 μm bismuth did not change the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Hereditary deficiency of antithrombin III, protein C and protein S: prevalence in patients with a history of venous thrombosis and criteria for rational patient screening.

Data in the literature on the prevalence of hereditary deficiency of the natural coagulation inhibitors are conflicting. We conducted a prospective study on 680 consecutive patients with a history of venous thrombosis to determine the prevalence of hereditary deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III), protein C(PC) and protein S(PS) and to establish selection criteria for rational patient screening. The mean age of the patients at investigation was 44.3 +/- 15.4 years, while that at the first thrombotic event was 38.5 +/- 14.8 years. The total prevalence of inhibitor deficiency states was 48/680 (7.1%). 19/680 patients (2.8%) had AT III-deficiency, 17 (2.5%) PC-deficiency, nine (1.3%) PS-deficiency and three (0.4%) a combined deficiency. In 37/48 deficient patients family studies were performed and the hereditary nature was established in 19 cases (2.8% of total patient population, six with AT III-deficiency, eight with PC-deficiency, four with PS-deficiency and one with a combined deficiency). Family studies in these 19 patients revealed 46 additional individual patients with a hereditary deficiency state. A positive family history was found in 15/19 (79%) with a proven hereditary deficiency state, in 153/619 (25%) of non-deficient patients and in 11/29 (38%) of deficient patients without established hereditary nature. The mean age at the first thrombotic event was significantly lower in patients with a hereditary deficiency state (26.8 years) compared with the other two groups (39.0 and 39.7 years, respectively). In all patients with a hereditary deficiency the first thrombotic event occurred before the age of 45 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Factor VIII concentrates in HIV-1-positive hemophiliacs--is pure better?

39 human immunodeficiency-virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive hemophiliacs who had been regularly treated with non-virus-inactivated intermediate-purity factor VIII concentrates were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 21 patients with a CD4/CD8 cell ratio of less than 1.0 and group B of 18 patients with a CD4/CD8 cell ratio of greater than 1.0. All patients of group A were switched to a high-purity virus-inactivated factor VIII concentrate, whereas patients of group B continued to receive the intermediate-purity concentrate. There was no significant difference in the average decline of CD4 cells between the two groups during the observation period. 9 patients of group A and 4 patients of group B developed AIDS. 5 patients of group A but 11 patients of group B remained clinically asymptomatic. We conclude that the 15-fold increase in purity of the factor VIII concentrate had no apparent beneficial effect on the CD4 cell counts in this patient group.