Subpopulation structure of human T lymphocytes studied with monoclonal antibody CD27

Institute of Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences R. V. Petrov.) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 11, pp. 506–508, November, 1992.     

Solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: CT criteria

The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 30 patients with solitary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were reviewed. Common features at CT included the peripheral or subpleural location of a pulmonary mass (25 cases), pseudocavitation (18 cases), heterogeneous attenuation (17 cases), irregular margins forming a star pattern (22 cases), and pleural tags (21 cases). Using these CT criteria, four independent observers attempted to identify cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from a larger sample of lung cancers and benign lesions by categorizing a series of test cases into four probability categories. Although the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were correctly ranked in the two highest probability categories 75% of the time (in 45 of 60 cases), there was considerable overlap with other lung lesions, particularly with adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. However, even though the typical features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma are not invariable or highly specific, they are characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis.     

Conduction anesthesia in orthopedic operations in injuries of the extremities

An analysis of results of using conduction anesthesia for various operations on extremities of 274 patients of different age groups has been made. Complete effects were achieved in 91% of the patients, 5% of the patients were potentiated with neuroleptanalgesia drugs because of insufficient anesthesia, in 2% of the patients general anesthesia was used. The method of conduction anesthesia makes it possible to use a conveyer method of bringing patients to the operating room. It is more economical as compared with narcosis, easy in use. It may be recommended for wider use.     

Status of the coronary bed in post-infarction stenocardia

Selective coronary angiography was performed in 80 patients with early postinfarction angina. All patients showed stenoses in at least one artery. Two vessels were affected in 37.5%, three vessels, in 51.3%, one vessel, in 11.3%. In 8.8% of cases, left coronary-arterial trunk was affected in addition to other arteries. Complete occlusion of one or several arteries was noted in 62.5%. There were marked collaterals in 20% of patients. The only difference between patients who showed relative resistance to medication and those whose condition could be stabilized was in the number of occluded vessels (69.2 and 35.1%, respectively). Coronary arterial lesions were operable in 68% of cases.     

Effect of pulsed hydrodynamic influences on blood cells in vitro and in vivo

(Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi i Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 12, pp. 604–606, December, 1990.     

Identification of a gene disrupted by a microdeletion in a patient with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP)

The gene for the most frequent from of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP), RP3, has been assigned by genetic and physical mapping to a segment of less than 1000 kbp, which is flanked by the marker DXS1110 and the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene. In search of microdeletions, we have screened the DNA of 30 unrelated patients with XLRP by employing a representative set of YAC-derived DNA fragments that were generated by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR amplification. In one of these patients, a 6.4 kbp microdeletion was detected which was not present in the DNA of 444 male controls. A cosmid contig spanning the deletion was constructed and used to isolate cDNAs from retina-specific libraries. Exons corresponding to these expressed sequences as well as other putative exons were identified by sequencing more than 30 kbp of the critical region. So far, no point mutations in these putative exon sequences have been identified.      

Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 3: homology with the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor RCC1

The gene for retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3), the most frequent form of X- linked RP (XLRP), has been mapped previously to a chromosome interval of less than 1000 kbp between the DXS1110 marker and the OTC locus at Xp21.1-p11.4. Employing a novel technique, YAC Representation Hybridization (YRH)', we have recently identified a small XLRP associated microdeletion in this interval, as well as several putative exons including the 3' end of a gene that was truncated by the deletion. cDNA library screening and sequencing of a cosmid centromeric to the deletion has now enabled us to identify numerous additional exons and to detect several point mutations in patients with XLRP. The predicted gene product shows homology to RCC1, the guanine-nucleotide- exchange factor (GEF) of the Ras-like GTPase Ran. Our findings suggest that we have cloned the long-sought RP3 gene, and that it may encode the GEF of a retina-specific GTP-binding protein.      

2 cases of deep arteriovenous malformations combined with aneurysms of the anterior ciliary artery

The paper presents two cases of high-surgical-risk deep arteriovenous malformations (AVM) concurrent with aneurysms of the middle portion of the anterior ciliary artery (a male aged 35 years and a female aged 24 years). In the former case, aneurysm and large AVM in the left visual tuber were causes of 4 hemorrhages. In the latter, AVM of subcortical nodes and internal capsule were responsible for single hemorrhage. The patients underwent intraoperative embolization of the anterior ciliary artery followed by its clipping. This allowed the authors to exclude aneurysm and to achieve obliteration of the bulk of AVM. Operation were performed under intraoperative guidance of motor and speech functions. Residual AVM were exposed to proton beam radiation. The outcomes of treatment were good. After 4 months of surgery, the male had no neurological disorders; in the female motor and speech disorders were associated with prior hemorrhage.