全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1079篇 |
免费 | 55篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 45篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 165篇 |
口腔科学 | 7篇 |
临床医学 | 80篇 |
内科学 | 228篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 124篇 |
特种医学 | 24篇 |
外科学 | 197篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 88篇 |
眼科学 | 9篇 |
药学 | 72篇 |
肿瘤学 | 69篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 76篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 81篇 |
2005年 | 83篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1140条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kari Aalto Teddy Holmstr m Erkki Karaharju Jaakko Joukainen Pekka Paavolainen Par Sl tis 《Acta orthopaedica》1987,58(1):66-70
Bone repair was studied in the rabbit tibiofibular bone after a midshaft transverse osteotomy stabilized by external fixation and heavy compression. Both subendosteal and subperiosteal callus formation with concomitant contact healing were observed within 3 weeks, and were further succeeded by subendosteal resorption and increased porosis resulting in atrophy of the cortical bone. Subjected to the torsion test, the bones exhibited restoration of strength within 3 weeks, with maximal energy absorption and elasticity at 6 weeks. The failure of the osteotomy in the torsion test, with radiographic visibility of the osteotomy, characterized the soft-tissue type of behavior of the bones. Hard-tissue like behaviour of the bones with resistance to torsion at the osteotomy site and radiographic obliteration of the osteotomy line occurred by 12 weeks, indicating complete union of the osteotomy. Our experiments demonstrate that elastic external fixation is preferable to the rigid compression plate. 相似文献
2.
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyse the number of soft-tissue complications after internal fixation of calcaneal fractures and to evaluate risk factors leading to these complications. MATERIAL: A retrospective analysis of 126 consecutive patients with 148 operatively treated calcaneal fractures was performed. Only primarily closed fractures were included in the study. RESULTS: Wound healing was problematic in 35 cases (24 per cent). The wound was infected in 23 cases (16 per cent) and a wound edge necrosis was observed in 12 cases (8 per cent). The soft tissue complication needed operative treatment in 20 cases (14 per cent). The complications did not lead to amputations in any case. In the end of the follow up all wounds had healed. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical analysis identified a longer delay in surgery and longer operation time to be positive risk factors for wound complications. 相似文献
3.
4.
Tommi Sukuvaara Erkki M. J. Koski Aki Mäkivirta Aarno Kari 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1994,10(2):117-126
A knowledge-based alarm system for intensive care monitoring was designed, built, tested on-line, and evaluated. The system is a functional prototype of a highly specific patient monitor providing alarms on hypovolemia, hyperdynamic state, left ventricular failure and hypoventilation. These intelligent alarm functions aim to maintain the quality of patient monitoring even if nurses' attention is temporarily reduced or focused elsewhere. The alarm system has an electronic access to data available in a multichannel patient monitor and the patient data management system of the intensive care unit. Median filtering, trend estimation, and rule-based reasoning are applied when processing the measured variables and estimating the patient's state. 相似文献
5.
6.
Petru Liuba Jerker Persson Jukka Luoma Seppo Yl?-Herttuala Erkki Pesonen 《European heart journal》2003,24(6):515-521
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins early in life. Infections might contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated whether acute infections in children could alter the carotid wall morphology and the lipid profile. METHODS: Mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by high-resolution ultrasound in 28 hospitalised children (mean age: 5+/-2 years), who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of acute infections (body temperature, >38 degrees C; C-reactive protein, >15mg/ml, and clinical), and in 20 age- and gender-matched controls. Antibodies against oxidised low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL antibodies), as well as total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analysed in all children. The infection group was investigated both during the acute illness and 3 months after clinical recovery (post-infection). RESULTS: During the acute illness, the infection group had elevated anti-oxLDL antibodies and decreased HDL-C, as compared to those obtained at 3 months and in controls (p<0.05). These changes in the infection group were followed, at 3 months, by thickening of carotid intima-media. Those who received antibiotics during their acute illness had less carotid thickening than those who were not treated with antibiotics (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acute infections in children seem to be accompanied by enhanced oxidative modification of LDL and by decrease in HDL-C. These lipid changes may be followed by thickening of carotid artery intima-media. These findings suggest that, in childhood, acute infections could be associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, and warrant further studies on this topic. 相似文献
7.
Erkki Lotspeich Markus Schoene Heinz Gerngroß Roland Schmidt Reinhard Steinmann Marco Ramadani Susanne Gansauge 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2007,392(5):559-566
Introduction Postoperative treatment for colorectal cancer depends on tumor stage as defined by the International Union Against Cancer
(UICC). Adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended in patients without lymph node involvement (UICC stages I and II). As many
as 20–30% of these patients, however, will develop recurrence.
Aims and objectives We conducted this study to determine the presence of disseminated tumor cells in the lymph nodes by quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) for cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in an attempt to provide supplementary information compared
to histopathological findings.
Materials and methods Using a standard QRT-PCR assay, we examined primary tumors and 391 lymph nodes from 31 patients with completely resected colorectal
cancer.
Results Of the 31 primary tumors, 29 were positive for CK20 by QRT-PCR.
Discussion An examination of the lymph nodes from the 29 patients with CK20-positive primary tumors revealed that 35 (92.1% sensitivity)
of the 38 histopathologically positive lymph nodes and 54 (16.7%) of the 324 histopathologically negative lymph nodes were
positive by molecular analysis. CK20 expression was detected in 10 (100%) of 10 patients with a histopathologically positive
lymph node status (pN1). In 9 (47.4%) of 19 patients with negative histopathological results (pN0), we detected a CK20 mRNA
signal in at least one lymph node. Whereas eight patients with histopathologically negative lymph nodes could be upstaged
on the basis of the molecular findings, no patient would be downstaged.
Conclusion Our results suggest that QRT-PCR for CK20 is a useful tool for the quantitative detection of micrometastases in the regional
lymph nodes. We introduce a standardized procedure that integrates a molecular diagnostic technique in the clinical staging. 相似文献
8.
E. Muuronen S. Asko-Seljavaara E. Tukiainen H. Härmä 《European journal of plastic surgery》1997,20(1):7-10
In massive burns, early excision and a free flap reconstruction is, in some cases, limb saving. From October 1979 to August 1993, eleven patients with massive burn injury in the upper extremity were treated using a free flap reconstruction. Eight cases were acute or subacute and three were late reconstructions. The following free flaps were used: rectus femoris microneurovascular musculocutaneous flap (2), latissimus dorsi flap (4), rectus abdominis flap (3), gluteal thigh flap (1), lateral arm flap (1), and serratus flap (1). The gluteal thigh flap was lost and it was later replaced by a rectus abdominis flap. In three cases successful reanastomosis was performed. Functional late reconstructions were performed in nine patients. In all eleven patients the limb was saved and functional recovery was satisfactory. We recommend that a free musculocutaneous or muscle flap is used, proximal to the wrist, if after careful excision of nonviable tissue, tendons, bone joint or major vessels are exposed. The rectus femoris musculocutaneous flap is a useful solution to restore extensor musculature of the forearm after extensive injury. 相似文献
9.
The relationship between job-related burnout and depressive disorders--results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Ahola K Honkonen T Isometsä E Kalimo R Nykyri E Aromaa A Lönnqvist J 《Journal of affective disorders》2005,88(1):55-62
BACKGROUND: Depression and burnout are common health problems in working populations today. They appear to be interrelated, and the need for their differential diagnosis has been highlighted in many reviews. We analysed the overlap of job-related burnout and depressive disorders, i.e., major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and minor depressive disorder. METHODS: We used the population-based 'Health 2000 Study' in Finland. Our nationally representative sample comprised 3276 employees aged 30-64 years. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Diagnoses of depressive disorders were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Burnout and depressive disorders were clearly related. The risk of depressive disorders, especially major depressive disorder (12-month prevalence), was greater when burnout was severe. Half of the participants with severe burnout had some depressive disorder. Those with a current major depressive episode suffered from serious burnout more often than those who had suffered a major depressive episode earlier. LIMITATIONS: This study was cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS: The concepts of burnout and depression complement each other and cover partly overlapping phenomena. Depressive disorders are related to job-related burnout, particularly when it is severe. A current major depressive episode is likely to be associated with the experience of burnout. When encountering working patients, it is recommended to assess both the occurrence of burnout and of depressive disorders. 相似文献
10.