A multi-stimuli responsive gold nanocage–hyaluronic platform for targeted photothermal and chemotherapy

Noninvasive and pinpointed intracellular drug release that responds to multiple stimulus is still a formidable challenge for cancer therapy. Herein, we reported a multi-stimuli responsive platform based on drug loaded gold nanocages @ hyaluronic acid (AuNCs-HA) for pinpointed intracellular drug release. These well-prepared nanohybrids could specifically recognize cancer cells via HA-CD44 interactions and be efficiently endocytosed by receptor-mediated process. Subsequently, the coated HA molecules could be degraded in lysosomes, resulting in the release of encapsulated drug. In addition, by taking advantage of the excellent photothermal properties, the AuNCs could accelerate the release of encapsulated drug and induce a higher therapeutic efficacy upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. In vitro results confirmed that the encapsulated drug could only be pinpointedly released in intracellular environments, which permitted high therapeutic efficacy against cancer cells and minimized the side effects. Importantly, as compared to that of the two therapies independently, a complete inhibition of tumor growth treated with the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy was observed in vivo. Taken together, our present study provides new insights into developing pinpointed, multi-stimuli responsive intracellular drug release systems for synergistic cancer therapy.     

纳米材料诱导细胞自噬的研究进展

细胞自噬是一种"清道夫"式的细胞保护程序,保护自身细胞不受来自内部或外界的伤害。随着细胞自噬研究的深入进展,科学家们开始关注与细胞自噬相关的其他方面问题的研究,其中纳米材料诱导的细胞自噬得到了高度关注,且越来越多的研究表明,纳米材料能引起细胞自噬。本文从当前关于纳米材料与细胞自噬关系的现有研究结果出发,针对水溶性富勒烯及其衍生物、稀土金属氧化物、量子点、石墨烯等纳米材料对细胞自噬的诱导和抑制作用,做简单综述。     

改良后侧入路治疗胫骨骨折骨不愈合

目的探讨胫骨骨折骨不愈合的治疗方法。方法对近15年中胫骨骨折骨不愈合采用改良切口胫骨后侧入路自体髂骨移植实施手术的20例临床资料进行分析。结果18例能在3个月拆除石膏后弃拐负重行走，疼痛消失，X线片示骨不连已骨性愈合，2例骨延迟愈合。结论改良后侧入路可以避开原胫前瘢痕及前方感染病灶，是治疗胫骨骨折骨不连的一种可值得信赖的方法，值得临床推广应用。     

特发性肺纤维化的发病机制及中药调节作用研究进展

特发性肺纤维化（IPF）作为一种肺部进行性疾病,预后不佳,目前尚无可靠手段进行根治。当下治疗IPF以器官移植和给予化学药为主,但效果欠佳且不良反应颇多,无法满足目前的临床需求。因此,开发更安全、有效的药物已成为亟需解决的问题,而研究IPF的发病机制将有助于新药的开发。现阶段关于IPF发病机制的研究主要集中在巨噬细胞极化、上皮-间质转化（EMT）、氧化应激和自噬作用等方面,但对于系统说明各发病机制原理及揭示各机制存在的联系尚未有研究报道。中医理论认为“气虚血瘀”“气阳虚弱”是IPF的关键病机,故临床常采用益气活血、温阳补气和祛瘀化痰类等中药或复方治疗IPF。现代药理学研究表明,此类中药在抑制巨噬细胞极化、改善氧化还原平衡、抑制EMT和调节细胞自噬等方面可发挥积极作用,但针对中药如何调节相关通路而治疗IPF,目前尚无系统的报道。该文通过总结国内外最新文献,将逐一并系统的阐述IPF的发病机制,同时更全面的概述中药中有效成分或复方调节IPF的作用机制。针对IPF的发病机制,结合中药的调节作用,着重挖掘系统治疗IPF的方案,以期为IPF的深入研究及相关药物研发提供新的思路。     

Portable electronic bronchoscopy for clinical application: a multi-institutional randomized instrument validation study

ObjectiveElectronic bronchoscopy is routinely used for the diagnosis and treatment of lung and bronchial disorders. However, the devices used are normally large and costly. Here, we evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a portable electronic bronchoscope produced by Zhejiang UE Medical Corp., the UE-EB.MethodsWe conducted a multi-institutional, randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority and parallel-group controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to the experimental group or control group. The primary indicator was the effectiveness of the device. Safety indicators were assessed from enrollment to 3 days after the operation.ResultsThe UE-EB had good consistency between groups during the procedure, and the effective rate was 100.00% in both groups. The difference value (95% confidence interval) between the two groups was 0.00% (−5.45%, 5.45%), and the lower limit was greater than −10% (negative non-inferiority margin). There was also no difference between the two groups in terms safety indicators.ConclusionsThe portable electronic bronchoscope described in this study showed reliable effectiveness and safety. This device is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.Research registry number: ZXLB20200295 (Zhejiang Medical Products Administration, China).     

氨甲环酸多次静脉给药在后入路腰椎内固定融合术中对炎症和凝血-纤溶系统的作用

探究氨甲环酸(TXA)多次静脉给药在后入路腰椎内固定融合术中对炎症和凝血-纤溶系统的影响。方法 分析2019年3月—2021年6月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的90例行腰椎内固定融合手术的患者,分为对照组、单次给药组和多次给药组,每组30例。对照组切皮前30 min静脉输入生理盐水250 mL一次;单次给药组手术切皮前30 min静脉输入TXA 15 mg/kg一次;多次给药组切皮前30 min静脉使用TXA 15 mg/kg,切皮后3、6和9 h再分别追加使用TXA 15 mg/kg一次。分析患者术前、 术后1、3和7 d炎症指标［白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白(CRP) 和IL-6］和凝血-纤溶指标［D-二聚体（DD)、纤维蛋白原降解产物（FDP）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和凝血酶原时间（PT）］变化,以及手术时间、围手术期总失血量、隐性失血量和术后48 h引流量、自体血回输量、异体血红细胞输入量、术后血红蛋白水平。结果 单次与多次给药组术后1、3 d WBC、CRP和IL-6水平低于对照组(P＜0.05),且多次给药组WBC、CRP、IL-6水平低于单次给药组(P＜0.05);术后7 d时3组患者WBC水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,单次与多次给药组CRP、IL-6水平低于对照组（P＜0.05),单次与多次给药组CRP、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。单次与多次给药组术后1、3 d DD和FDP水平都低于对照组(P＜0.05),单次与多次给药组DD和FDP比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后7 d时3组患者DD和FDP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。3组患者术后1、3、7 d APTT和PT水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。单次与多次给药组术中出血量均少于对照组(P＜0.05),多次给药组隐性出血量和术后引流量均少于单次给药组(P＜0.05)。单次与多次给药组手术时间和异体血红细胞输入量均少于对照组（P＜0.05）,单次和多次给药组手术时间和异体血红细胞比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多次给药组自体血回输量小于对照组和单次给药组（P＜0.05）。3组患者术后1、3、7 d血红蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 腰椎内固定融合术中多次静脉使用TXA可以进一步减少患者术后炎症反应,同时减少纤溶因子的释放,但对凝血功能无明显影响     

The Amino Acid Region 248–382 of the Epstein–Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 2 (EBNA2) is Responsible for the EBNA2-Induced EBV Reactivation

We showed previously that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency is disrupted and the virus-replicative cycle is activated after expression of EBNA2 in the Burkitt's lymphoma-derived Akata cells. Here, an EBNA2 deletion mutant lacking the amino acid residues 248–382, including the region responsible for association with RBP-J , was generated and tested for its ability to activate EBV replication in Akata cells. This mutant was shown clearly deficient in inducing the EBV-replicative cycle, suggesting that association with RBP-J is necessary for the EBV activating function of EBNA2. It is thus likely that EBV activation by EBNA2, seemingly in conflict with its involvement in lymphocyte immortalization, is nevertheless based on the standard mechanism of transactivation by the protein.     

螺旋CT三维重建在茎突综合征的应用

茎突过长引起咽痛、咽异物感在临床上颇为常见,过去诊断茎突过长综合征的主要依据是:①扁桃体窝触及硬条索状物;②茎突正侧位平片.但有时对一些茎突过长的患者上述诊断依据仍不能确诊,特别是对那些拟行茎突截断术的患者,需要一种检查方法来精确测量出茎突的长度和角度.螺旋CT三维重建的茎突骨SSD图像(表面遮盖显示法)可以精确测量出茎突的长度和角度.现报告如下.     

Molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by resveratrol, a natural cancer chemopreventive agent

In efforts to identify naturally occurring compounds that act as protective agents, resveratrol, a phytoalexin existing in wine, has attracted much interest because of its diverse pharmacological characteristics. Considering that apoptosis induction is the most potent defense approach for cancer treatment, we have tried to summarize our present understanding of apoptosis induction by resveratrol based on the two major apoptosis pathways.     

Emerging vaccine nanotechnology: From defense against infection to sniping cancer

Looking retrospectively at the development of humanity, vaccination is an unprecedented medical landmark that saves lives by harnessing the human immune system. During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination is still the most effective defense modality. The successful clinical application of the lipid nanoparticle-based Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines highlights promising future of nanotechnology in vaccine development. Compared with conventional vaccines, nanovaccines are supposed to have advantages in lymph node accumulation, antigen assembly, and antigen presentation; they also have, unique pathogen biomimicry properties because of well-organized combination of multiple immune factors. Beyond infectious diseases, vaccine nanotechnology also exhibits considerable potential for cancer treatment. The ultimate goal of cancer vaccines is to fully mobilize the potency of the immune system as a living therapeutic to recognize tumor antigens and eliminate tumor cells, and nanotechnologies have the requisite properties to realize this goal. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in vaccine nanotechnology from infectious disease prevention to cancer immunotherapy and highlight the different types of materials, mechanisms, administration methods, as well as future perspectives.