Toll- like receptor 2 polymorphism and IL-6 profile in relation to disease progression in chronic HBV infection: a case control study in Egyptian patients

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has a wide range of outcomes depending on host immune responses mainly Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling and released cytokines. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) may influence the course of CHB. We aimed to elucidate the relation between TLR-2 polymorphism, IL-6 profile, and CHB progression. We analyzed TLR-2 polymorphism (SNP; rs3804099) in 185 CHB patients and 60 controls using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Serum IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA. IL-6 levels were considerably higher in active CHB and cirrhotic patients compared with inactive carriers and controls (P < 0.001). IL-6 showed positive correlation with ALT and advanced fibrosis in active CHB patients (r = 0.31, P = 0.02). A significant positive correlation was noticed between IL-6 and HBV DNA PCR in all CHB groups. TT genotype of rs3804099/TLR-2 was significantly more prevalent in inactive carriers compared to active hepatitis patients (P = 0.04, OR = 0.39 and 95% CI: 0.16–0.95). Both heterozygous CT and mutant TT genotypes were significantly more frequent among inactive carriers compared to cirrhotic patients (P = 0.01, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.81 and P = 0.009, OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.77). TT genotype was significantly related to lower IL-6 levels in active hepatitis and cirrhotic groups (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively) showing that TLR mutations would be associated with milder hepatitis activity and lower possibility for disease progression. There may be a positive association between TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism and hepatitis B activity. IL-6 is a good indicator of CHB disease progression.

     

Tailored 70S30C Bioactive glass induces severe inflammation as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Clinical Oral Investigations - This study compared clinical, histologic, and inflammatory outcomes of Biodentine and Bioactive glass (70S30C-BAG) as pulpotomy agents in primary teeth. A randomised,...     

Dental management of a child with ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia cleft lip/palate syndrome: A case report

Ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia with clefting is a rare syndrome resulting from TP63 gene mutations. It is inherited in autosomal dominant manner or as a de novo transfiguration. It is characterized by a triad of ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and facial clefts. This report represents a clinical case of 5 years and 6 months‐old male child with ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia cleft lip and palate syndrome requiring treatment of his carious teeth. After history taking and clinical examination, the necessary treatment was provided under general anesthesia due to the definitely negative behavior of the child. The treatment outcomes had a positive impact on the behavior and acceptance to dental treatment. This was evidenced by completion of the prosthetic and space management appliances on the dental chair. The child's quality of life was consequently improved. This was evidenced by the reduced response scores of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ_11‐14) after treatment. This report highlighted the value of proper diagnosis and fulfillment of the unmet dental needs for patients with orofacial syndromes to improve their quality of life.