全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2181篇 |
免费 | 204篇 |
国内免费 | 47篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 65篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 248篇 |
口腔科学 | 23篇 |
临床医学 | 197篇 |
内科学 | 688篇 |
皮肤病学 | 96篇 |
神经病学 | 249篇 |
特种医学 | 164篇 |
外科学 | 147篇 |
综合类 | 56篇 |
预防医学 | 186篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 110篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 167篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 85篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 99篇 |
2007年 | 127篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 82篇 |
2004年 | 87篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 76篇 |
2000年 | 64篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 63篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 56篇 |
1988年 | 61篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 48篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 21篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
1973年 | 19篇 |
1972年 | 15篇 |
1971年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有2432条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Eisen G. M. Eliakim R. Zaman A. 《世界核心医学期刊文摘》2006,2(5):27-28
背景与研究目的:静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化的一个主要并发症,与6周内20%的死亡率有关。目前国际指南推荐肝硬化患应常规行上消化道内镜检查(食管胃十二指肠内镜检查,EGD)来筛查是否有食管静脉曲张。新近出现的食管胶囊内镜在对胃食管反流和Barrett食管的研究中已经显示出准确的诊断效应。该研究比较胶囊内镜和EGD对肝硬化患食管胃底静脉曲张和门脉高压性胃病的检出率。患与方法:在3个中心进行了先导试验。有进行EGD临床指征的肝硬化患,在EGD检查后48h内用胶囊内镜来筛查或监视食管静脉曲张。研究采用盲法,即由1名事先不知道患病史和EGD检查结果的研究评估胶囊视频成像。结果:在32例纳入的患中,EGD和胶囊内镜检查发现有食管静脉曲张23例患。有1例患经胶囊内镜发现有轻度静脉曲张,但EGD未检出。胶囊内镜和EGD诊断食管静脉曲张和门脉高压性胃病的总体一致性分别为96.9%和90.6%。没有与胶囊内镜相关的不良事件。 相似文献
2.
Susan M Domchek Andrea Eisen Kathleen Calzone Jill Stopfer Anne Blackwood Barbara L Weber 《Journal of clinical oncology》2003,21(4):593-601
Breast cancer risk assessment provides an estimation of disease risk that can be used to guide management for women at all levels of risk. In addition, the likelihood that breast cancer risk is due to specific genetic susceptibility (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations) can be determined. Recent developments have reinforced the clinical importance of breast cancer risk assessment. Tamoxifen chemoprevention as well as prevention studies such as the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene are available to women at increased risk of developing breast cancer. In addition, specific management strategies are now defined for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Risk may be assessed as the likelihood of developing breast cancer (using risk assessment models) or as the likelihood of detecting a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (using prior probability models). Each of the models has advantages and disadvantages, and all need to be interpreted in context. We review available risk assessment tools and discuss their application. As illustrated by clinical examples, optimal counseling may require the use of several models, as well as clinical judgment, to provide the most accurate and useful information to women and their families. 相似文献
3.
INTRODUCTION: The clinical presentation of morphea varies from localized plaques to generalized eruptions. Its cause remains unknown and medical treatments have often proved unsatisfactory. Studies have previously shown that improvement of hypertrophic scars and fibrotic skin can be achieved with the use of a 585 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL). METHODS: A case of plaque-type morphea was treated with 585 nm pulsed dye laser irradiation at an average fluence of 5.0 J/cm2 at bimonthly time intervals. RESULTS: Marked clinical improvement as evidenced by improved pliability and skin coloration was seen after 4 successive PDL treatments. No side effects or complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Pulsed dye laser therapy is a viable treatment option for morphea. The mechanism of its effect in this condition remains unknown. 相似文献
4.
Workplace status and risk of hypertension among hourly and salaried aluminum manufacturing employees
Jane Ellen Clougherty Ellen A. Eisen Martin D. Slade Ichiro Kawachi Mark R. Cullen 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2009
An inverse relationship between workplace status and morbidity is well established; higher job status has been associated with reduced risks of heart disease, hypertension, and injury. Most research on job status, however, has focused on salaried populations, and it remains unclear whether job status operates similarly among hourly workers. Our objectives were to examine whether hourly status itself influences risk of hypertension after adjustment for socioeconomic confounders, and to explore the role of fine-scale job grade on hypertension incidence within hourly and salaried groups. We examined data for 14,999 aluminum manufacturing employees in 11 plants across the U.S., using logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and other individual characteristics. Propensity score restriction was used to identify comparable groups of hourly and salaried employees, reducing confounding by sociodemographic characteristics. Job grade (coded 1 through 30, within hourly and salaried groups) was examined as a more refined measure of job status. Hourly status was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, after propensity restriction and adjustment for confounders. The observed effect of hourly status was stronger among women, although the propensity-restricted cohort was disproportionately male (96%). Among salaried workers, higher job grade was not consistently associated with decreased risk; among hourly employees, however, there was a significant trend, with higher job grades more protective against hypertension. Increasing the stringency of hypertension case criteria also increased the risk of severe or persistent hypertension for hourly employees. 相似文献
5.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a unique lipid that elicits dramatic reductions in adiposity in several animal models when included at < or = 1% of the diet. Despite a flurry of investigations, the precise mechanisms by which conjugated linoleic acid elicits its dramatic effects in adipose tissue and liver are still largely unknown. In vivo and in vitro analyses of physiological modifications imparted by conjugated linoleic acid on protein and gene expression suggest that conjugated linoleic acid exerts its de-lipidating effects by modulating energy expenditure, apoptosis, fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, stromal vascular cell differentiation and lipogenesis. The purpose of this review shall be to examine the recent advances and insights into conjugated linoleic acid's effects on obesity and lipid metabolism, specifically focused on changes in gene expression and physiology of liver and adipose tissue. 相似文献
6.
Heather G Stewart Peter M Andersen Andrew Eisen Markus Weber 《Clinical neurophysiology》2006,117(8):1850-1861
OBJECTIVE: To examine corticomotoneuronal function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients carrying superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations using peristimulus time histograms (PSTH). METHODS: Six I113T, 3 A4V, one G41D and one G114A patient were studied along with 21 healthy control subjects. Analyses included comparison with previously reported data from 8 D90A homozygous and 12 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients examined by the authors using identical methodology. RESULTS: Cortical threshold was significantly reduced in A4V patients (41.3%) compared to I113T (58%), SALS (57%) and D90A (71%) patients, as well as healthy controls (49.7%). Estimated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were significantly larger in A4V patients (4.39 mV) compared to healthy controls (2.95 mV), I113T (2.71 mV) and SALS (2.39 mV) patients. Clinical features and PSTH parameters in I113T were similar to SALS, however, PSTH primary peaks (PP) were significantly more dispersed, 9.5 ms compared to 4ms in SALS. PSTHs from single G41D and G114A patients were unremarkable, apart from large EPSP amplitudes in the G114A patient. CONCLUSIONS: ALS patients with A4V and I113T SOD1 mutations have distinctive corticomotoneuronal changes that are different from those in D90A homozygous and SALS patients. SIGNIFICANCE: PSTH studies should be considered for future in vivo studies of SOD1 pathophysiology in ALS. 相似文献
7.
Ellen A. Eisen Paige E. Tolbert Marilyn F. Hallock Richard R. Monson Thomas J. Smith Susan R. Woskie 《American journal of industrial medicine》1994,26(2):185-202
A case-control study of larynx cancer was conducted within a cohort of automobile workers exposed to metal working fluids, commonly referred to as machining fluids (MF). Results are based on 108 cases of larynx cancer and 5:1 matched controls. Risks associated with specific types of MF, as well as specific components of the fluids were evaluated. Based on a retrospective exposure assessment, lifetime exposures to straight and soluble fluids, grinding particulate, biocides, selected metals, sulfur, and chlorine were examined. Exposure to asbestos and acid mists at two of the three study sites was also characterized. Results suggest that straight mineral oils are associated with almost a two-fold excess in larynx cancer risk. There was also evidence of an association with elemental sulfur, commonly added to straight MF to improve the integrity of the materials under extreme pressure and heat. It is not clear whether sulfur is causally related to an excess relative risk of larynx cancer or whether the observed association is the result of unmeasured confounding by another contaminant or process feature. For example, the high stress operations that require MF enriched with sulfur are also more likely to produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the process. Thus, the observed association with sulfur may be due to an association with PAH. The finding of excess risk of laryngeal cancer associated with MF is consistent with several previous reports in the literature. This is the first study, however, to distinguish straight mineral oils from other types of MF. Based on these findings, a general reduction in concentrations of straight mineral oil particulate in occupational environments would be prudent. 相似文献
8.
9.
BACKGROUND: A simple, rapid, inexpensive method for measuring the flow in a
patient's vascular access would permit routine monitoring during
haemodialysis, and hence provide information of access graft deterioration
sufficiently early to increase the success of minimally invasive remedial
procedures. This paper reports the validation of such a method in animals.
METHODS: A PTFE graft was implanted in sheep between the carotid artery and
the jugular vein. While the sheep was under general anaesthesia and on an
haemodialysis circuit, ultrasound velocity in its blood was perturbed by
the injection of a 5-10 ml bolus of isotonic NaCl. The pump tubing flow was
measured by a transit-time blood flow meter. This flow was combined with
the areas of perturbation generated by the injection before and after
mixing in the access flow to estimate graft flow. The calculated graft flow
was compared to flow measured directly by a transit-time probe on the same
carotid artery. RESULTS: Over a 10-fold range, 120-1260 ml/min, graft flow
measured by ultrasound velocity dilution agreed well with graft flow
measured directly with a scatter of 76 ml/min about the regression line.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasound velocity dilution provides a method for measuring
flow in the graft accurate enough for clinical evaluation of patients on
dialysis.
相似文献
10.
The organization of spinal cord motoneurons and their innervation of axial (white) muscles in the zebrafish were studied. Motoneurons can be divided into 2 classes, primary and secondary, on the basis of their cell-body sizes and positions. Each side of each spinal segment contains 3 primary motoneurons that are uniquely identifiable as individuals by their stereotyped cell-body positions and peripheral branching patterns. Moreover, these motoneurons precisely innervate cell-specific subsets of contiguous muscle fibers in mutually exclusive regions of their own body segment. Individual muscle fibers receive inputs from a single primary motoneuron and, in addition, from up to 3 secondary motoneurons. The results demonstrate that the precision of innervation previously described in invertebrates is also present in some vertebrates. 相似文献