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Suyen Karki Eila Laukkanen Helena Länsimies Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen Anna-Maija Pietilä 《Journal of substance use》2019,24(3):300-308
Background: Research has demonstrated that problem behavior has been associated with substance use, but knowledge is lacking on such associations in a low-income country like Nepal. Aims: This study aimed to find associations between emotional and behavioral problems and substance use among Nepalese adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the end of 2011, with participants from three schools in the Province 4 of Nepal. We selected 408 adolescents aged 12 to 18 (mean 15.2 years, 54% boys) at one urban and two rural schools. The data were collected using the Youth Self-Report and Adolescents’ Substance Use Measurement. Results: Higher scores on withdrawn/depressed symptoms, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent or aggressive behavior or internalizing or externalizing problems were associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol or other substances. In the broadband scales, only internalizing problems predicted the use of intoxicants. Higher scores for attention problems predicted the use of tobacco, any intoxicants, and high-risk user. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that problem behavior among Nepalese adolescents was associated with substance use. Future studies should explore the association between problem behavior and substance use, including causal factors, so that risky behavior among Nepalese adolescents can be prevented. 相似文献
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M. Reinikainen A. Hedman O. Pelkonen E. Ruokonen 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》2004,48(3):389-389
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In 17 prostatic cancer patients, changes in the plasma lipoprotein pattern, including high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and in glucose tolerance were compared after 6 months on parenteral polyestradiol phosphate (PEP; Estradurin, 80 or 160 mg/month) with the respective changes in orchiectomized patients. In the estrogen group there was no change in the total serum cholesterol level, whereas in the orchiectomy group an increase of 10% was observed. Estrogen therapy resulted in a significant increase of serum HDL (11%) and HDL2 cholesterol (26%) levels; in the orchiectomy group these fractions remained unchanged. Estrogen therapy induced a significant decrease in total serum triglycerides (24%) and in low density lipoprotein triglycerides (27%); in the orchiectomy group reverse changes were observed. PEP treatment caused changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern, which apparently decreases the risk of atherosclerosis. 相似文献
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Eray M Postila V Eeva J Ripatti A Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML Knuutila S Andersson LC Pelkonen J 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》2003,57(6):545-555
In the periphery, B cells differentiate in germinal centres (GCs) of secondary lymphoid organs. Isolated GC cells die quickly in vitro by apoptosis. Therefore, cell lines originating from follicular lymphomas, which are the malignant counterparts of GC B cells, would provide a stable in vitro model to study the immunobiology of GC B cells. We have established three novel human follicular lymphoma cell lines that were characterized with special reference to immunophenotypic features, response to B-cell receptor (BCR) triggering, response to cytokines and cytokine mRNA expression. One of the cell lines, HF-1A3, has a phenotype of a centrocyte. It expresses surface immunoglobulin G (sIgG) and dies by apoptosis following BCR cross-linking. Co-stimulation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15 or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) rescues HF-1A3 cells from BCR-induced apoptosis. The second cell line, HF-28, also represents phenotypically an IgG+ centrocyte. Ligation of its BCR leads to the cell-cycle arrest at G1 instead of apoptosis. HF-28 cells express both CD45RA and RO isoforms, which is unusual in B lymphocytes apart from plasma cells, thus suggesting a transition to plasma cell phenotype. The third cell line, HF-4.9, which phenotypically represents an sIgM+ centroblast, responds by proliferation to BCR cross-linking. These cell lines offer a unique in vitro model to study antigenic selection and cytokine-mediated growth regulation of human GC B cells. 相似文献
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Several V genes participate in the early phenyloxazolone response in various combinations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Seventeen monoclonal anti-2-phenyloxazolone antibodies from the early (day 7) primary response were partially sequenced with an mRNA method. Ten antibodies expressed the VH-Ox1 gene. The remaining seven express at least four but probably six different germ-line VH genes belonging to Dildrop's groups 1, 5, 6 and 7 (Immunol. Today 1984. 5: 85). Two of them have been met before in other antibodies, one (group 6) in J606 and the other (group 7) in antibodies to the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Eleven kappa chains were partially sequenced and five of them (all VH-Ox1 antibodies) express the V kappa-Ox1 gene. One expresses another germ-line gene of the V kappa-Ox1 family, one the V kappa 89.4 gene, three the V kappa 45.1 gene and one a new V kappa gene. The V kappa 45.1 gene was found to form anti-phOx antibodies with two new VH genes. The frequency of somatic mutations in day 7 antibodies was estimated by comparing germ-line sequences and antibody sequences. It is low (one mutation per 2500 nucleotides sequenced), twenty times lower than in antibodies obtained a week later. Two anti-idiotype antisera (495 and 260) are useful in the typing of monoclonal antibodies. 260 bound only to antibodies coded by both VH-Ox1 and V kappa-Ox1 genes. 495 bound strongly to antibodies coded by the VH-Ox1 gene and weakly to antibodies coded by the (related) VH101 gene regardless of the light chain partner. 相似文献
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Molecular follow-up of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona infection in cattle and humans 下载免费PDF全文
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona was not frequently encountered in Finland until an increase in rates of isolation among animal and feed was seen in 1994. A small outbreak among cattle farms in the regions of Oulu and Vaasa in northwestern Finland in 1994-1995 included eight farms. After the outbreak, an increase in the number of serovar Agona infections in humans was seen in 1999: the number of annual microbiologically confirmed cases in humans increased from about 10 from 1990 to 1998 to 84 in 1999, including an outbreak in which more than 50 people were infected. To gather epidemiological data on serovar Agona and to trace the origin of the human infections, 110 serovar Agona isolates isolated from animal, feed, and other sources as well as from humans with cases of salmonellosis of domestic and foreign origin, which were recovered from 1984 to 1999, were analyzed for their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid, and IS200 profiles and antibiograms. Of these typing methods, PFGE with restriction endonucleases XbaI, BlnI, NotI, and SpeI was the most useful. The PFGE profile of the strain causing an outbreak among cattle in Finland in 1994-1995 was not seen previously. The strain with this profile was later only sporadically found in human infections. The profile of the strain causing the human outbreak in 1999 was not found among isolates from cattle or any other sources. Molecular typing was valuable in showing that although the outbreaks in cattle and humans seemed to be related regionally, they were not related otherwise. 相似文献
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