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2.
For more than two decades, the International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) has tried to stop harm reduction and its HIV prevention
programs. This posture is based on a fundamental misunderstanding of their responsibilities and of drug addiction itself –
i.e. as a public health and clinical care matter made criminal by decree. A recent focal point for the Board's action has
been rejecting the use of supervised injection facilities to reduce morbidity and mortality of drug injectors. They single
out individual countries and attempt to bully them into rejecting such programs under the banner of the United Nations (falsely)
and in the name of international treaties. Their unrelenting and unjustified badgering of signatories to the international
treaties that established the INCB is not only unjustified; it is an affront to one of the core purposes of the Board itself:
to ensure adequate medical supplies and safe use of controlled substances. The INCB's ill-conceived obsession with intravenousaddiction
as a crime flies in the face of the medical view and policies of the World Health Organization and the universally endorsed
principles of the General Assembly of the United Nations. 相似文献
3.
Characteristics of chloride-dependent incorporation of glutamate into brain membranes argue against a receptor binding site 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Although membrane sites from brain, labelled with [3H]glutamate (Glu) under sodium-free conditions, are thought to represent excitatory receptors, certain anomalous characteristics of the kinetics of apparent binding raised the question of whether transport might contribute to this process, prompting a closer examination of it. Hyperosmolar media and low incubation temperatures (4 degrees C) both led to decreases in the apparent specific binding of [3H]glutamate to membranes from the brain of the rat in the presence of chloride. Furthermore, only 15% of the [3H]glutamate, bound at 37 degrees C, was dissociable when the membranes were then cooled to 4 degrees C. The binding of [3H]glutamate was increased in the presence of certain dipeptides such as L-phenylalanyl-L-glutamate (Phe-Glu); and the binding augmented by the presence of Phe-Glu, was also sensitive to temperature and osmolarity of the incubation buffer. Sonication of membranes in 5 mM glutamate increased the apparent binding of [3H]glutamate and abolished the stimulatory effect of Phe-Glu. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that chloride-dependent association of [3H]glutamate with membranes from brain reflects, in part, a sequestration process, which may be driven by glutamate exchange. 相似文献
4.
进一步研究了抗三尖杉酯碱的HL-60细胞(HR20)抗细胞凋亡的机制及该抗性和抗药性的关系。结果表明,环孢菌素A(CsA)20,10μg·ml ̄(-1)诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡,而阻断HR20细胞于G_1期,就不能诱导细胞发生凋亡。低浓度的CsA明显增加柔红霉素在HR20细胞内的积聚,其逆转抗药性作用与阻断细胞周期运行无关。CsA10μg·ml ̄(-1)处理HR20细胞,可引起50kDa的蛋白质高度磷酸化。结果提示:环孢菌素A阻断抗三尖杉酯碱的HL-60细胞于G_1期,而诱导敏感的HL-60细胞发生凋亡,其阻断作用与抗药性无关 相似文献
5.
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was hailed 10 years ago as potentially the most significant medical advance of the century. ORT is a simple and inexpensive means of treating diarrheal dehydration, which killed approximately 5 million children each year in the late 1970s. Today 25% of the world's children have access to ORT, and it is estimated that every year it saves 500,000 lives. Where ORT is not widely available, diarrheal dehydration remains the leading killer of children. It is still responsible for 25% of the 250,000 worldwide child deaths each week. Because there have been problems with acceptance of the ORT formula of salt, sugar, and water, researchers have been experimenting with cereal-based oral rehydration formulas that are much like traditional home remedies for diarrhea. In addition to relieving dehydration, these cereal-based formulas lessen severity and duration of diarrheal illness. Critics, however, claim that they fail to provide a child with sufficient calories, and call for a combination of ORT with early feeding--4-8 hours after completion of rehydration. Even with growing evidence of the benefits of early feeding, the practice of withholding food from children with diarrhea persists in the developing world and in the U.S. Problems in developing countries are greater, but each year 14 of every 1,000 American infants are hospitalized because of acute diarrhea. The major hurdle that ORT faces in the U.S. is that it is a simple form of therapy attempting to displace a higher technology. As long the U.S. health care system serves as a model for developing countries, distrust of ORT by American doctors will hamper efforts to spread ORT in the developing world. 相似文献
6.
Hydrolysis of peptides within lumen of small intestine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
7.
Summary The relationships of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries are reviewed in 26 preparations by microdissection techniques. These vessels may be grouped in large (AICA, PICA), medium (LA, SA, CSA, RPI) and small calibre (vasa nervorum, radicullar and medullar branches). The importance of these structures in acoustic neuroma surgery, vestibular neurectomy and cross-compression syndromes is discussed. Vascular loops and elongated arteries are normal structures present at birth.This work was supported by a grant from the AJ Roemmers Foundation 相似文献
8.
P. Maupas A. Goudeau P. Coursaget J. Drucker P. Bagros S. Baudin N. Geslin 《Medical microbiology and immunology》1978,166(1-4):109-118
The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B prepared with purified and inactivated HBs Ag is described. This vaccine has been applied in patients and staff members of haemodialysis centres. Safety and efficiency of the vaccine are very satisfactory. The response of patients to immunisation was significantly lower compared to the response of the staff members. None of the volunteers who had a primary response to immunisation developed signs of clinical or biological hepatitis. 相似文献
9.
10.
Osteosarcomatosis 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Hopper KD; Moser RP Jr; Haseman DB; Sweet DE; Madewell JE; Kransdorf MJ 《Radiology》1990,175(1):233-239
A review of the 690 cases of osteosarcoma in the radiographic file of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology revealed 29 cases of "osteosarcomatosis" (multiple skeletal sites of osteosarcoma). Fifteen of these patients were 18 years old and under and manifested rapidly appearing, usually symmetric, sclerotic metaphyseal lesions. The remaining 14 patients were more than 18 years old and had fewer, asymmetric sclerotic lesions. In most patients (28 of 29), a radiographically dominant skeletal tumor was seen. Pulmonary metastases occurred in the majority of patients and were detected at the same time as the bone lesions. These 29 patients were studied with regard to demographic data and skeletal distribution and radiographic appearance of their lesions. As a result of the findings, a metastatic origin from a primary dominant osteosarcoma is favored over a multifocal origin as the basis for osteosarcomatosis. Osteosarcomatosis is more commonly encountered in the mature skeleton than has been previously recognized. 相似文献