Use of CO2 to move structures as an aid to percutaneous procedures

By injecting small amounts of CO2 through a needle, one can move bowel or bladder from the intended path of instruments during interventional procedures. The technique worked well in six of seven cases in the pelvis and retroperitoneum; it was not effective in the mediastinum or midabdomen (n = 6).     

外科手术中产生的烟气:仅仅是大量的热空气吗?

外科医生和手术室人员经常接触手术设备产生的烟气,病人也会暴露于烟气中,特别是腹腔镜手术中产生的烟气滞留于腹腔内这一密闭空间并被吸收.这些烟气是一种与香烟烟气相似的毒性物质,然而对这种毒性物质的影响还未引起足够重视.应该采取必要措施尽可能减少手术中烟气的不良影响.     

The resazurin reduction test provides an assessment of sperm activity

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine if reduction of the dye resazurin by semen could be correlated with the concentration of motile sperm. DESIGN: After assessment of sperm count and motility, specimens were incubated for 1 hour with resazurin (25 micrograms/mL of semen) and visual color changes indicative of dye reduction noted. SETTING: Specimens were obtained from men seeking care for infertility at one of four sites: (1) University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) In Vitro Fertilization Program; (2) UCSF Andrology Laboratory; (3) a gynecological practice in Maine; and (4) a private andrology laboratory in Southern California. PATIENTS: Individuals were self-selected by their desire to have a semen analysis in conjunction with the diagnosis or treatment of infertility. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The reduction of the dye resazurin and its correlation with motile sperm density. RESULTS: When the motile sperm concentration was greater than or equal to 20 X 10(6)/mL, 86% of specimens produced a positive color change. Conversely, 86% of specimens with a motile sperm concentration of less than 20 X 10(6)/mL either did not change color or changed only over a narrow range. CONCLUSION: Reduction of resazurin offers an assessment of the active sperm in a specimen without the need to do a sperm count or evaluation of motility.