New stand magnifiers do not meet rated levels of performance

A new range of stand magnifiers has been released by the COIL company in the United Kingdom. Examination of these magnifiers reveals that they fail to deliver the rated magnifications labelled prominently on the appliances, as a result of the manufacturer's conformance with the requirements of the German DIN standard and the use of back vertex power (F'_v) rather than equivalent dioptric power (F_m) of the magnifier. In this study we provide information on the optometric parameters of these new stand magnifiers that will assist the more accurate specification of improvements in vision expected from their use.     

An Interdisciplinary Clinical Advancement Program Within a Patient-Centered Care Model

Restructuring in health care does not have to compromise the pursuit of clinical excellence and quality patient care. The clinical advancement program (CAP) at the Hospital for Special Care is a newly developed multidisciplinary reward and recognition program for clinical staff. The program is integrated into the hospital's structure of service line management and, unlike traditional advancement programs, is open to all levels of care providers: professional personnel, technical staff, and aides. This article describes the basic features of the CAP model and how it was developed by a multidisciplinary task force.     

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: comparison of MR imaging with CT and I-131 MIBG scintigraphy

To ascertain the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas and to compare MR with computed tomography (CT) and iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), 19 patients (18 with pheochromocytomas, one with a paraganglioma) were studied. The 18 patients with pheochromocytomas had had positive findings with I-131 MIBG scintigraphy. Abdominal pheochromocytomas were generally hypointense compared with normal liver on T1-weighted MR images and extremely hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images. MR imaging was preferable to CT in the evaluation of primary pheochromocytomas due to superior tissue characterization, particularly in the patient with hypertension and borderline catecholamine levels. For patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, the data suggest that I-131 MIBG scintigraphy is the examination of choice.     

Chaperonin-mediated assembly of wild-type and mutant subunits of human propionyl-CoA carboxylase expressed in Escherichia coli

We developed a bacterial expression system for the human alpha and beta cDNAs of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). These cDNAs (less the putative mitochondrial matrix targeting presequences) were co-expressed in Escherichia coli on one plasmid vector with each cDNA having its own IPTG-inducible promoter. Only negligible amounts of active PCC were measured despite the presence of both alpha and beta subunits as indicated by Western blot analysis and the almost complete biotinylation of the alpha subunit. Co-expression of this plasmid with a second plasmid vector over-expressing the E. coli chaperonin proteins, groES and groEL, resulted in a several hundred-fold increase in PCC specific activity, to a level comparable with that found in crude human liver extracts. PCC was partially purified on monomeric avidin affinity resin and the presence of both alpha and beta subunits was demonstrated, thereby confirming the assembly of both subunits into an active enzyme. Deficiency of either alpha PCC or beta PCC results in propionic acidemia, an autosomal recessive disorder. We used this expression system to characterize one missense mutation previously described in five Japanese alleles, namely C1283T (Thr428lle) in beta PCC. This mutation, when expressed in E.coli under the same conditions as that of wild-type PCC, had null activity, despite the presence of assembled alpha PCC and beta PCC subunits. This bacterial expression system can be useful for analysis of either alpha PCC or beta PCC mutations. Our findings indicated that the groES and groEL chaperonin proteins were essential for folding and assembly of the human PCC heteromeric subunits.      

Drinking spout orifice size affects licking behavior in inbred mice

Using a lickometer, we assessed the effect of drinking spout orifice size on the licking behavior of inbred mice [C57BL/6J, SWR/J, 129P3/J and DBA/2J]. Animals licked from drinking spout sipper tubes that had what were defined as either a large (2.7 mm) or a small (1.5 mm) orifice. Mice took approximately twice as many licks from a stationary single small orifice drinking spout than when licking from a spout with a large orifice during separate 30-min sessions. However, their total intake volume was approximately the same. We calculated that mice received a mean of 0.55 muL per lick from the drinking tubes with a small orifice and a mean of 1.15 muL per lick from the drinking tubes with a large orifice. Thus, the animals appear to have regulated their fluid intake by proportionally adjusting their licking as a function of the lick volume. On average, this regulation occurred through modulation of the size of licking bursts and not their frequency. However, strain differences in compensation strategy were observed. When licking was restricted to a series of 5-s trials in a 30-min brief access test session, the smaller orifice size increased the range of responsiveness that was expressed. Mice increased their average licks per trial by 20% and took 60% more trials when licking from a spout with a small orifice. Interestingly, when the orifice size was quasi-randomly varied within a brief access session, licking was greater from large orifice drinking spouts, suggesting that water delivered from the two orifice sizes differs in its reinforcement efficacy. These findings demonstrate that drinking spout orifice size can significantly influence experimental outcomes in licking tests involving mice and care should be taken in controlling this variable in testing the effects of taste or other factors on ingestive behavior.     

Malignancy may adversely influence the quality and behaviour of oocytes

A case series of eight cycles of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in five women diagnosed with malignant disorders is presented. These patients chose to defer definitive treatment for a chance for preservation of potential fertility. The response of these patients to ovarian stimulation, and the outcome, was compared with 17 IVF cycles in 12 age- matched patients with isolated tubal infertility. An apparent adverse influence of malignant disease on the quality and behaviour of oocytes was observed. Despite a comparable total number of oocytes per cycle in the two groups, a significantly reduced percentage of mature oocytes was retrieved per cycle from patients with malignant diseases. The oocytes from patients with malignant disorders were of a poorer quality and exhibited a significantly impaired fertilization rate compared to the controls. We propose that neoplastic processes, irrespective of the site or cell of origin, may have a detrimental impact on the biology of oocytes, an effect akin to that seen on spermatozoa in men with certain malignancies.