Identification of a novel mutation in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

A novel mutation was identified in two unrelated patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. First, a 19-year-old Caucasian female presented with a devastating illness, resulting in sudden death in adulthood which is unusual. The second patient, now a 3.5-year-old male, presented at 17 months of age with a hypoglycemic seizure and dehydration. Sequence analysis revealed a novel mutation G617T in exon 8 resulting in an arginine to leucine substitution at codon 206 (R206L). Both patients were compound heterozygous for this G617T and the common mutation A985G.     

Inclusion Body Myositis

Pain is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) and has recently been estimated to be experienced by up to 75 % of patients. Pain can be present at any point in the course of the disease and patients may experience pain from various causes simultaneously. Pain in MS can also be secondary to other symptoms, such as spasticity, fatigue, and mood disorder. Of all drug use to treat MS symptoms, treatment for pain accounts for nearly 30 % of total use. At the same time, patients report low satisfaction with pain management. Pain affects quality of life and can influence a person’s participation in family life and work and affect mood. Most of the pain literature in the field of MS is based on open-label studies involving small numbers of subjects. Placebo-controlled trials in severe pain syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia are unethical but for other types of MS-related pain conditions, placebo-controlled trials are ethical and necessary to establish efficacy, particularly given the well-documented placebo effect for various painful conditions This review discusses available data and emphasizes areas of pain research that require further attention     

新的高强度高选择性阿片μ受体激动剂［~11C］－羟甲芬太尼的合成

羟甲芬太尼（Ｉ）是一个新的高强度高选择性阿片μ受体激动剂。本文用ｃｉｓ－Ａ－Ｎ－［１－（２－羟基－２－苯乙基）－３－甲基－４－哌啶基］－苯胺（ＩＩ）或ｃｉｓ－Ｎ－［１－（苯甲酰甲基）－３－甲基－４－哌啶基］－苯胺（ＩＩＩ）作为前体合成了［１１Ｃ］－羟甲芬太尼，以便用正电子发射断层扫描（ＰＥＴ）来观察μ受体。通过水解ｃｉｓ－Ａ－羟甲芬太尼（Ｉ）和ｃｉｓ－Ｎ－［１－（苯甲酰甲基）－３－甲基－４－哌啶］－Ｎ－苯基丙酰胺（ｃｉｓ－ＩＶ）的４－Ｎ－丙酰基分别获得ＩＩ和ＩＩＩ。溴乙烷的格氏试剂与回旋加速器产生的［１１Ｃ］－二氧化碳反应后继而直接加入邻苯二甲酸二酰氯和２，６－二叔丁基吡啶生成同位素标记中间体［１１Ｃ］－丙酰氯。［１１Ｃ］－丙酰氯与ＯＨ－前体（ＩＩ）反应后再经ＨＰＬＣ分离纯化直接得［１１Ｃ］－羟甲芬太尼；［１１Ｃ］－丙酰氯与酮－前体（ＩＩＩ）反应后，再用硼氢化钠甲醇溶液处理，然后进行ＨＰＬＣ分离纯化得［１１Ｃ］－羟甲芬太尼。两种方法均可获得ｌｌ．１～１４．８ＧＢｑ／μｍｏｌ的特异性放射化学纯［１１Ｃ］－羟甲芬太尼。总共耗时为４０～５０ｍｉｎ（ＥＯＢ）。