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Yada T Dezaki K Sone H Koizumi M Damdindorj B Nakata M Kakei M 《Current diabetes reviews》2008,4(1):18-23
Insulin release from pancreatic islet beta-cells is stimulated by glucose. Glucose-induced insulin release is potentiated or suppressed by hormones and neural substances. Ghrelin, a novel acylated 28-amino acid peptide isolated from stomach, is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R). Circulating ghrelin is produced predominantly in stomach. Ghrelin is a potent stimulator of GH release and feeding as well as exhibiting positive cardiovascular effects. In relation to the glucose metabolism, initial studies indicated that low plasma ghrelin levels are associated with elevated fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, and obesity. It has recently been demonstrated that ghrelin suppresses glucose-induced insulin release via G alpha(i2) subtype of GTP-binding proteins and delayed outward K(+) (Kv) channels, representing a novel signaling mechanism, and that the ghrelin originating from islets regulates insulin release and thereby glycemia. Furthermore, elimination of ghrelin enhances insulin release to prevent or ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet fed mice and ob/ob mice. This review focuses on the physiological roles of ghrelin in regulating insulin release and glycemia, the insulinostatic mechanisms of ghrelin in islet beta-cells, and the potential of ghrelin-GHS-R system as the therapeutic target to treat type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
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Nakamura M Nagano H Sakon M Yamamoto T Ota H Wada H Yoshioka S Kato H Damdinsuren B Marubashi S Miyamoto A Takeda Y Umeshita K Nakamori S Dono K Monden M 《Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy》2005,32(11):1824-1828
A 56-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for hepatoma with portal vein thrombus and multiple intrahepatic metastases. He underwent an extended left lobectomy and a partial resection of the liver in May 2002. After two weeks from the surgery, he received intra arterial 5-FU infusion chemotherapy combined with subcutaneous interferon-alpha injection to treat the lesions in the residual liver. Four months after the surgery, hepatic vein tumor thrombus appeared in the remnant liver and it extended to the inferior caval vein. And another 4 months later, multiple pulmonary metastases were detected with computed tomography and they grew rapidly in the view of their sizes and numbers. Because the combined therapy of 5-FU/interferon-alpha was not effective to distant metastases, we started a new regimen of oral administration of TS-1 and a subcutaneous interferon-alpha injection. After 1 treatment cool, hepatic vein thrombus was markedly reduced the size and vascularity in the CT. Multiple pulmonary metastases also decreased in their sizes and numbers. No adverse effect was seen during this treatment. It was suggested that a combination therapy of TS-1 and interferon-alpha may be one of the most effective treatment modalities against advanced HCC with distant metastasis. 相似文献
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Kato H Nagano H Ota H Nakamura M Wada H Yoshioka S Noda T Bazarragchaa D Marubashi S Miyamoto A Takeda Y Umeshita K Dono K Murakami T Nakamura H Monden M 《Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy》2005,32(11):1842-1845
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy has been often selected as a therapeutic option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases and/or portal vein thrombosis. We successfully treated and obtained CR in the 2 cases of far advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (FAP). Case 1 was a 71-year-old male who had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastasis (IM3) which was recurrent after two surgeries. He received hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (FAP: 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/day: continuous infusion, day 1-5, adriamycin 10 mg/day, day 1, CDDP 10 mg/day, day 1). After 10 courses, abdominal CT revealed that the viable lesions had completely disappeared (CR). This patient is still alive with no recurrence after 21 months from the beginning of this treatment. Case 2 was a 74-year-old male who had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombi (Vp4) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM3). He received FAP arterial infusion chemotherapy with the same protocol as case 1. After 8 courses of this therapy, CT revealed that these lesions had disappeared (CR). This patient is still alive with no recurrence after 9 months from the beginning of this treatment. For 15 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using a same protocol, the response rate of this therapy was 33.3% (CR & PR). These findings suggested that combined arterial infusion chemotherapy of FAP may be feasible and a promising modality for the advanced HCC with intrahepatic metastases and/or portal vein thrombosis. 相似文献
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Noda T Nagano H Miyamoto A Wada H Damdinsuren B Marubashi S Takeda Y Umeshita K Dono K Ohsuga K Kim T Tomoda K Nakamura H Monden M 《Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy》2006,33(12):1931-1934
We reported a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) (Vp2) successfully treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and the tumor showed complete response and the patient survived for 28 months. A 67-year-old male was diagnosed with HCC in the area of subsegment 5 with PVTT from the P5 to the posterior branch. He was treated by segmental TACE. The tumor markers decreased within normal limits, and localized hepatic infraction in the subsegment 5 and atrophy of the PVTT were recognized. He survived for 28 months with no tumor recurrence after the first TACE. This case suggested that embolization might play a part of treatment to HCC with PVTT, if the liver function was preserved and the lesion of liver infraction was limited. 相似文献
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Martin T. King Paul L. Nguyen Ninjin Boldbaatar David D. Yang Vinayak Muralidhar Clare M. Tempany Robert A. Cormack Mark D. Hurwitz W. Warren Suh Mark M. Pomerantz Anthony V. DAmico Peter F. Orio 《Brachytherapy》2019,18(2):198-203
Purpose
Although current Delphi Consensus guidelines do not recommend a specific definition of biochemical recurrence after partial gland therapy, these guidelines acknowledge that serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests remain the best marker for monitoring disease after treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PSA velocity at failure per the Phoenix (nadir + 2 ng/mL) definition is associated with metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in a cohort of patients who experienced PSA failure after partial gland therapy.Methods
Between 1997 and 2007, 285 patients with favorable risk prostate cancer underwent partial prostate brachytherapy to the peripheral zone. PSA velocity was calculated for 94 patients who experienced PSA failure per the Phoenix (nadir + 2) definition. Fine and Gray competing risks regression was performed to determine whether PSA velocity and other clinical factors were associated with metastasis and PCSM.Results
The median time to PSA failure was 4.2 years (interquartile range: 2.2, 7.9), and the median followup time after PSA failure was 6.5 years (3.5–9.7). Seventeen patients developed metastases, and five experienced PCSM. On multivariate analysis, PSA velocity ≥3.0 ng/mL/year (adjusted hazard ratio 5.97; [2.57, 13.90]; p < 0.001) and PSA nadir (adjusted hazard ratio 0.39; [0.24, 0.64]; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with metastasis. PSA velocity ≥3.0 ng/mL/year was also associated with PCSM (HR 15.3; [1.8, 128.0]; p = 0.012) on univariate analysis.Conclusions
Rapid PSA velocity at PSA failure after partial gland treatment may be prognostic for long-term outcomes. 相似文献9.
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Okutani A Tungalag H Boldbaatar B Yamada A Tserennorov D Otgonchimeg I Erdenebat A Otgonbaatar D Inoue S 《Japanese journal of infectious diseases》2011,64(4):345-348
The incidence of anthrax, which is caused by Bacillus anthracis, in the human and animal population of Mongolia has increased recently, and control of this infection is a nationwide concern. In this study, 29 isolates obtained from animals and various regions in Mongolia from 2001 to 2007 were analyzed by performing multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for 8 loci (MLVA-8) to understand the genetic relationship between the Mongolian B. anthracis isolates. We found that all the Mongolian isolates can be classified into A3 cluster along with the Japanese and the Chinese B. anthracis isolates. Our data revealed that MLVA-8 is useful for studying the molecular epidemiology of the Mongolian B. anthracis isolates and would help characterize B. anthracis infections in Mongolia. 相似文献